<County: Staffordshire>
<Code: L0516>
<MS reference: Cambridge, Trinity College 1285 (O.5.4)>
<Text: Grammatical treatise>


<fol. 4r>JN how many maners schalt thou by-gynne to make latyn . ¶ By . foure . by ryghtfull order~ of construccyon~ By a nominatyf
case . or by summe-what y-set in the stede of the nominatyf case ¶ By the vocatyf case / By an ablatyf case absolute / or By a
verbe impersonall ¶ How by.gynnestowe by a nominatyf case ¶ As the mayster syttyth in the scole <lat></lat>
How by summe-what sette in the stede of the nominatyf case ¶ As to dyne by tyme hyt schall conforte mannes herte ¶ <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ How by a vocatyf case ¶ As Willyam come hydere and haue a peny ¶ <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ How by an ablatyf case absolute / As the mayster stondyng in the Scole J . am a-gast ¶ <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> How by a verbe inpersonall As me syttyth in scole <lat></lat> ¶ . Jn how many
maners is the ryghtfull order of construccyon~ y-lette . By fyve / By askynges As whom louest thou ¶ <lat></lat> By
relacion ¶ As my lorde comyng to contre his bonde men gretlych dredyth ¶ <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ By negacyon~ As no+man~ J loue but god ¶ <lat></lat> By infinitacion~ As .
whom-euer thou louest hym folwe in goodnesse <lat></lat> By prolemps ¶ As maystres
disputyng in scole on is connyngg~ a-nothyr ys a fole ¶ <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ . How many acordys hast thou in grammer . Foure+on by-twene the nominatyf case and the verbe ¶ The secunde
by-twene the adiectyf and the substantyf ¶ The thrydde by.twene the relatyf and the antecedent ¶ The fourthe by-twene
the noune partytyf / the noune dystributyf / the noune of Superlatyf degre / And the genityf case that folweth ¶ Jn how many
maners schall the nominatyf case and the verbe a-corde Jn tweyne in Noumbre / and personne As my felowe redyth hys bo
kes . <lat></lat> ¶ Jn how many thynggys may they be lette . By foure ¶ By euocacion~ . As J wylyam
am youre frende . <lat></lat> ¶ By apposicion~ . As the folk renneth swythe to churche / <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ By collectyon~ As ther gooth a grete company of knyghtes wel aparelled out of englonde
in-to hethenes . <lat></lat> ¶ The secunde a-corde is by
twene the adiectyf and the substantyf Jn how many maners schul they acorde Jn thre . Jn case / Gender / and / Noumbor
Ensaumple / As thys good man 3af me a faire 3yfte / <lat></lat> ¶ Jn how many
maners may they be lette By foure / By particion~ As is ˆ [my brother] is on of creatours <lat></lat> By dystribu
cion As Nouthyr of thys folk twey Stones is Cristall . <lat></lat> ¶ By sylempsis
as folk comyth hyrynge to churche <lat></lat> ¶ By defaute of gender As a+grete stryf
is of a poure kyngdam <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ The thrydde acorde in grammer is by-twe
ne the relatyf and the antecedent / . Jn how many maners schull they acorde Jn thre in gendre / in noumbre / and person~ . As
thys breede the whych is made of whete is mewly . <lat></lat> ¶ Jn how many maners
ben they lette . Jn three The fyrste by Intransicion~ / As the metal the whyche is a peny is dere <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> Jn the secunde manere when myn antecedent by-tokenyth party . and the noun that comyth after the relatyf .
by-tokeneth the hole . thenne my relatyf schal take hys gendre of the noun that goth by-fore and hys nounbre of the
noune that cometh aftur <lat></lat> Jch haue J-3eten to-day twey cantalles of breede the which is an hole lofe
<lat></lat> ¶ Jn the thrydde manere Whenne myn antecedent be-tokenith
the kynde of thynge and the relatif be-tokenyth the l the partye of the same thyng thenne myn antecedent schal be singu
ler and the relatyf plurel . <lat></lat> What thynge is foulere than a+man the which the bytynge of flyes sleeth
<lat></lat> And al-so whenne a noune collectyf is the antecedent and
feminine gendre and singuler noumbre my relatyf may be masculyn gendre and plurell noumbre . As the folk of
thys toune the whiche knowyth not godes lawe is ˆ [beth] acursed <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ Whiche is the fourthe acorde in grammer ¶ By-twene the noune partytyf and the genityf case that folwyth
¶ Jn how many manerys schull they acorde . Jn on . Jn gendyr onlych . As my fadyr is on of creatures . <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> Jn how many maners is that acord . ilet . Jn on onlych . Jn discord of kynde / As whenne the noune
partityf by-tokenyth a thyng of o kynde / and that at semeth genityf case by-tokenyth an-othyr kynde thenne my noune
partytyf schall acorde in gendyr wyth the substantyf by-fore / and that at semeth genityf case schall be tornyd in-to
accusatyf case wyth an inter-preposicion~ As J am on of asses the whyche my fadur boughte in the feyre / <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> Jn the same manere schall the noune distributyf acorde wyth
the genityf case that folweth / As nouther of these twey stones is margery ston~ <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ Also the superlatyf degre schall acorde wyth the genityf case that folweth A Jn gendere and they be on kynde
¶ As my brothur is wysyst of creatures <lat></lat> / Jn how many maners schall that
acorde be lette by-tweyne . ¶ On is if my superlatyf degre by-tokenyth a thynge of on kynde and myn genityf case
a thyng of an-other kynde As J am wysyst of gees <lat></lat> ¶ How the secunde An whenne
my superlatyf degre is construid wyth a genityf case of a noun collectyf ¶ As J am wysyst of thys company <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> But hyre now for a sertayn rewle that the superlatyf degre is nou3t holde to a
corde wyth the genityf case that folweth but hyt so be that thylke genityf case be plurel noumbre / and also thylke .
thynge that by-tokeneth that is to knowe by the genityf case as by wey of kynde . wyth that thyng that is bytokenyd
by the substantyf of the superlatyf degre As J wysyst of thys folk am fayrest of gees <lat></lat>
<fol. 4v>How many maner partyes of reson~ buther Eyghte . Noun / Pronoun / Verbe . Aduerbe / Participle / Coniunccion~ / Preposicion~ / Interiec
cion~ ¶ How many of these partyes be declynyd and how many vndeclynyd . Foure be declyned . v3 Noun / Pronoun~ / Verbe &
Participle / And foure be vndeclined v3 Aduerbe / Coniunccion~ / Preposicion / Jnterieccion~ ¶ How knowyste a noun substantyf . A party
of reson~ that bytokenyth substaunce wyth qualite and is declined wyth case and article . And so the name of euery thyng in the world
is a noun~ substantyf ¶ How many maner of Nounes be ther . Tweyne Noun adiectyf and noune substantyf ¶ How knowyst a noun~
substantyf . ¶ Euery word that is declined wyth on article or to atte moste As <lat></lat> . ¶ How knowest a noun~ adictyf
Euery word that is declined by thre articles or by thre diuerse endynges in a case As <lat></lat> Other . <lat></lat> ¶ How
many thynges falleth to A noun Sixe by the donet . Qualite / Comperson~ / Gendre / Noumbre / Fygure and case ¶ How knowest a qualite
in noun . A manere of knowyng by the whych me knowyth whether a noun be propure or appellatyf . i . comyn~ . Propure <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ How many degrees of Compreson~ be ther . Thre . Posityf / Comparatyf ˆ [&] Superlatyf . ¶ How knowest the Posytyf degre
A noun Adiectyf that by-tokenyth qualite or quantite wyth-oute eny echyng As good . Fayre . Whyte Black ¶ How knowest the
Comparatyf degre . A+noun Adiectyf that by-tokenyth qualite or quantite wyth sumwhat echyng . As betyr~ . worse . ¶ How
knoweste the Superlatyf degre . A noun Adiectyf that by-tokenyth qualite or quantite . wyth most echyng . As Fayrest . Foulest
Best Worste ¶ what case wyll the comparatyf degre haue aftur hym . An ablatyf case of eyther Noumbre wyth-oute a preposi
cion~ ¶ As . J wyser~ than my brother~ am feyrour than al my felowes <lat></lat>
Or ellys wyth a nominatyf case and thys Coniunccion . <lat></lat> comyng by-twene wyth <lat></lat> ¶
¶ Of what case of the Posityf degre schall the Comparatyf be formed . Other whyle of the Genityf case and other whyle of the datyf case ¶ When
schall he be formed of the genityf case . Whenne the noun of the posytyf degre is the secunde declunson . <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ whenne of the datyf . whenne the noun~ of the posytyf degre is the thridde declunson~ . As <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> . ¶ What case wole the superlatyf degre haue after hym . a genityf case
plurel . other a genityf case singuler of A+noun Collectyf ¶ As <lat></lat> ¶
¶ Of what case of the posytyf degre schall the Superlatyf be formed . Other whyle of the Nominatyf case and other whyle of the geni
tyf ¶ whenne of the Nominatyf case . whenne the nominatyf case endyth in ¶ . r . onlych in singuler Noumbre masculyn gendre As
<lat>Niger</lat> . Sette ther-to <lat>rinnis</lat> thenne hyt is <lat>nigerinnis</lat> ¶ How many be out-take of thys rewle . Tweyne vi3 <lat></lat>
that makyth the Superlatyf degre <lat></lat> . As <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> . ¶ whenne schall he be formed of the genityf case . Whenne the posityf endyth not in . R . but in
An-othyr lettur . As <lat></lat> sette to . s . and <lat></lat> thenne hyt is <lat></lat> ¶ How many be oute take of thys
reule . Fiue wyth hure compounes . whyche be they <lat></lat> and <lat></lat> How maketh they hure super
latyf <lat></lat> . Of what case schall the superlatyf be formed . of the nominatyf case . As <lat></lat> do awey the . s . and sette ther
to <lat></lat> and that makyth <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ How many gendres be in A noun~ . Seuene vi3 masculin Femynyn Neutre Comyn of tweyne . Comyn of thre
Dubie and Epycen . ¶ How knoweste the masculyn . for he is declynyd by <lat></lat> the Femynyn by <lat></lat> the Neutre by <lat></lat> the Comyn
of tweyn@ . by <lat></lat> and <lat></lat> the Comyn of thre . that is declinid by <lat></lat> & <lat></lat> & <lat></lat> the epycen~ . that word ll that by-tokenyth the
male and the Female vnder on article . As <lat></lat> passes for the he Sparwe and <lat></lat> passes for the heo sparowe . ¶ How knowyste
the dubye gendre . that word that is declined by <lat></lat> and <lat></lat> and <lat></lat> Coniunccion~ goyng by-twene . As <lat></lat> ¶ How many
nounes be ther of dubye gendre . As many as be in these verse sewynge . <lat></lat>
<lat></lat>
<lat></lat>
Bote alle these nounes be comyn gendyr of tweyne out-take <lat></lat> & <lat></lat> wheche ben epycen gendre by newe grammer . /
¶ How many Noumbres hastow . Tweyne Singuler / and plurel ¶ How knowystow the singuler . that at by-tokenyth o thynge
¶ How knowestow the plurell that at by-tokenyth many thynges ¶ How many maners of Figures hastow . Thre . Simple .
Compound and Decompound how knowyst the symple . A+party by the whych me knowyth whether a word be or not . As
<lat></lat> Compound Figure by the whych me knowyth whether a word be compounyd As <lat></lat> Decompund whenne
a word is compound of a word that is compound by-fore . As <lat></lat> ¶ How many case hastowe . Sixe . the
Nominatyf / Genitif / Datyf / Accusatyf / Vocatyf / & Ablatyf ¶ How knoweste the nominatyf case a word that comyth by
fore the verbe and the dede of the verbe passyth oute of hym that schall be nominatyf case . ¶ On an-other maner . A word
that by-tokenyth doyng or suffryng the word that doth or suffreth schall be nominatyf case . As the maister sytteth on the
benche . <lat></lat> ¶ How knoweste the genityf case by my Signes . As of aftur a noun substantyf a noun
partytyf . a distributyf . a noun of Superlatyf degre and aftur <lat></lat> be sygnes of the Genityf case Ensample . of aftur a+noun
substantyf As the poynte of thys knyf is dulle <lat></lat> Ensample aftur a noun partytyf / As thys
man is on of creatures ¶ <lat></lat> Ensample aftur a noun distributyf / As euerych of vs schall haue hys
<lat></lat> mede Ensample aftur a noun of Superlatyf degre As thys man is fayrest of creatures <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> Ensample aftur <lat></lat> As thys man is of fayre berynge <lat></lat> ¶ How knowest
the genityf case in an-other manere . Whenne tweyne nounes substantyfys comyth to-gedyr and that on be hauer of that other
the noun that by-tokenyth Auer shall be genityf case . ¶ As the maistres cloke is rede <lat></lat>
Also wordes that by-tokenyth emtynesse or fullenesse byggyng or syllyng reprehendyng or vndernymynge and verbes that
<fol. 5r>haue strengthe to constre wyth genityf case . As <lat></lat> and other suche wyll constrew wt genityf+case ¶ How knowest
datyf case . Whenne this englysh . to . comyth by-for a noun~ pronoun or participle and no preposicion~ J-sette for . to . thenne schall . to . be datyf case .
As J 3af a peny to a poure man <lat></lat> ¶ Al-so wordes that by-tokenyth byddyng hotyng or comaundyng lyc
clynesse or vnlicclynesse . Euenesse . or vneuenesse profyt or vnprofyt . wyll constren wyth datyf case / and verbes that haue strengthe to
constren wyth datyf case . As <lat></lat> / and other suche . ¶ How knowest accusatyf case . Whenne J haue noun~ pronoun~ or participle
comyng in a reson~ aftur a verbe gerundyf participle or supyn~ and the dede of eny of hem passe in-to hym hit schall be accusatyf
case . Ensaumple aftur a verbe . As J loue my mayster <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> Al-so whenne J haue a+noun betokenyng party of mannys body comyng in construccyon~ aftur
a noun adiectyf a verbe neutre or verbe passyf . the party of the body schall be accusatyf case / As J whyte J the face . ake the hede
Am hurte the legge <lat></lat> Al-so whenne J haue eny preposicion~ that wole seruen
to accusatyf case ¶ How knowest the vocatyf case . Whenne me clepyth or callyth . As Wylyam come hydyr . <lat></lat>
¶ How knowyste the ablatyf case by my sygnes . than / & / by / wyth / Jn / & / of / thorw / fro / and vnder / & / For / thanne / and / by / aftur a compara
tyf degre schall be ablatyf case . wyth-oute a preposicion~ . Ensaumple ¶ As J am wyser thanne my brother by a dayes lernynge <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ Of aftur a verbe gerundyf partyciple or Supyn~ schal be ablatyf case wyth a preposicion~
¶ As we be louyd of the maystre <lat></lat> ¶ Al-so whenne J haue any preposicion~ that wol serue to ablatyf case
or any verbe that hath strengthe to constren wyth ablatyf case As <lat></lat> & <lat></lat> &c~ Al-so wordes that bytokenyth fulness
or emtynesse byyng or sellyng reprehendyng or vndernymyng ¶ How many declynsones hastow in the noun . Fyve / the Fyrste
is of the whych the genityf case singuler and datyf endyth in . e . accusatyf in am . the vocatyf in A the ablatyf in a / the nominatyf
plurel in . e . genityf in . arum . the datyf in is the accusatyf in as the vocatyf in . e . the ablatyf in is ¶ The secunde declynson~is of the
wheche ˆ <mrg>the genityf singuler endyth in J the datyf in / o / the accusatyf in vm</mrg> whenne the ˆ [nominatyf] case endyth in . r . or in M . the vocatyf schall be lych hym . whenne the+nominatyf endyth in vs the vocatyf endyth in . e .
and whenne ther is a propre name endyng in Jus the vocatyf schall ende in J the ablatyf in / o / the nominatyf plurell schall ende
in J or . A . the genityf in orum the datyf in is . the accusatyf in os or in A the vocatyf in J or in A the ablatyf in is ¶ The thrydde
declynson~ is of the whych the genityf singuler endyth in is the datyf in J the accusatyf in em or in Jm the vocatyf schal be lyche
the nominatyf the ablatyf in e . or in J ¶ The nominatyf plurell in es or in A . the genityf in vm or in . Jum the datyf in bus
the accusatyf in es or in A . ˆ <mrg>the vocatyf in es or in A</mrg> the ablatyf in bus . ¶ The fourthe declynson is of the which the genityf case singuler endyth in vs
datyf in vi the accusatyf in vm the vocatyf in vs / the ablatyf in . v . the nominatyf plurell in vs / the genityf in vum the datyf
in bus the accusatyf in vs the vocatyf al-so the ablatyf in bus ¶ The Fyfthe declynson~ is of the which the genityf case singuler
endyth in ei . the datyf al-so / the accusatyf in em / the vocatyf in es the ablatyf in E / the nominatyf plurel in es / ˆ <mrg>the genityf plurel in ei the datyf in bus / the accusatyf in es</mrg> the vocatyf in es
How knowest a pronoun~ . A+party of reson~ on declynyd the whych is sette for a propre name and reseueth . ¶ the ablatyf in bus
sertayn~ person~ ¶ How many pronounes be+ther . xv . <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> ¶ How many of these be prymytyvis and how many diriuatiue3 <lat></lat> . viij be primitiues <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> and vij beth deriuatyfys . vi3 . <lat></lat> ¶ How many of these primityfys be
demonstratyfys <lat></lat> and wheche be onlych relatyfys . / <lat></lat> ¶ How many of these be othyr whyle relatyfes
and other whyle demonstratyfes . Tweyne vi3 <lat></lat> whenne is <lat></lat> demonstratyf . whenne <lat></lat> is y-sette wyth a substan
tyf in the same reson~ . As <lat></lat> . Butte whenne a reson~ cometh to-fore and an-other folwyth and <lat></lat> be sette in the
resoun folwyng wyth an r Coniunccion~ sette by-fore / thenne <lat></lat> is a relatyf . As vi3 <lat></lat> Jn the same maner
schall <lat>ille</lat> be a relatyf and othyr-whyle a demonstratyf . ¶ How many of these vij deriuatyfys be poscessiues . v . vi3 . <lat></lat>
<lat></lat> and <lat></lat> by-tokenyth onlych folk ¶ How many thynges falleth to a pronoun . vj . by the donette vi3 . Qualite / Gendre / Noumbre / Figure / Persoun / and Case ¶ whyche be the qualitees in pronounn . A certeynn qualite and
an vncerteyn~ ¶ How knowest a certeyn~ qualite / a party by the wheche me knowyth whenne a pronounn is certeyn~ person~ . As <lat></lat>
¶ How the vncerteyn~ a propurte by that me knowyth whenne a pronoun~ is of vncerteyn~ person~ . As <lat></lat> ¶ How many gen
dres hastow in pronoun~ . v . Masculyn~ as <lat></lat> . Feminine as <lat></lat> . Neutre as <lat></lat> Comyn of too . as <lat></lat> Comyn
of thre . As <lat></lat> ¶ How many Noumbres hastow in pronoun~ . Tweyne as in Noun .