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Documentation for outgoing Erasmus+ students

Here you will find an overview of how to fill out the necessary documents to have your stay approved and receive the Erasmus+ grant.

(Online) Learning Agreement for Studies

Completed and signed by the student, UiS, and host institution

How to create an Online Learning Agreement (OLA)

Start by creating an Online Learning Agreement through the platform.

To log in, you can either use eduGain/Feide or Google. Please note that you must register the first time you log in.

Be careful when filling out the agreement, as there are limited opportunities to make changes after it has been signed by UiS.

Visual guide: Online Learning Agreement for studies - Semester Mobility (PDF)

Please see the boxes below for details on how to fill in the different sections of the Online Learning Agreement.

  • Academic year: Select the academic year you will go on exchange
  • Planned period: Write the estimated start and end date for your exchange. You can refer to the host institution's academic calender.
  • Your personalia
  • Field of Education (ISCED): Look up your field of study in the ISCED database, e.g., Business Administration. Select the four-digit code, e.g., 0410. The database is somewhat limited, so you may need to choose something more general/what fits best.
  • Study Cycle
    • Bachelor: First cycle - EQF 6
    • Master: Second cycle - EQF 7
  • Country: Search Norway.
  • Name: Search University of Stavanger.
  • Faculty/Department: Write your faculty or department, e.g., UiS Business School.
  • Erasmus Code: N STAVANG01. This should be filled in automatically.
  • Sending Responsible Person: Fill in the contact information of your student advisor. They will approve and sign the agreement on behalf of UiS.
  • Sending Administrative Contact Person: You can leave these fields blank.
  • Country: Search your host country.
  • Name: Search your host institution.
  • Faculty/Department: Fill in the fauculty/department you will attend if you have this information. Otherwise, please leave it blank..
  • Erasmus Code: This should be filled in automatically.
  • Receiving Responsible Person: Fill in the contact information of the person who will sign your Online Learning Agreement on behalf of the host institution. This is usually a representative of the host institution’s International Office, or equivalent. You must reach out to the host institution to get this information if you have not already received the relevant contact details during the application process.
  • Receiving Administrative Contact Person: You can leave these fields blank.

Table A: Study Programme at Receiving Institution

In Table A, you must add the courses you will attend during your exchange at the host institution. Each component represents one course.

The learning agreement should show a total of 30 ECTS in Table A. All courses listed in Table A must be pre-approved by your faculty/department.

  • Component title at the Receiving Institution: Course title as written in the host institution's course catalog.
  • Component Code: Course code as written in the host institution's course catalog. If a course doesn't have a code, please enter 1234 to proceed.
  • Number of ECTS credits: Number of credits per course, as stated by the host institution.
  • Semester: First (Winter/Autumn) or Second (Spring/Summer).
  • Main language of instruction: The instruction language of your selected courses, usually English.
  • Language level: A grade of 4 in English from a Norwegian Upper Secondary School corresponds to level B2 under the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). If you've taken an Erasmus+ language test, you can use the result as an indicator.

Table B: Recognition at Sending Institution

In Table B, you must add the courses you would have attended at UiS if you had not gone on exchange this semester. The courses are added in the same way as for Table A.

If you were supposed to take elective courses, please write Electives. Electives don't have a Component Code, so enter 1234 to proceed.

This section is not relevant for regular semester mobility.

Please click «Next».

For å fullføre læringsavtalen må du både signere og klikke på knappen nederst for å sende avtalen videre til studiekonsulent for neste signatur. Det er viktig at du fullfører begge disse stegene.

Vi anbefaler at du sender din studiekonsulent en epost og informerer dem når du selv har signert læringsavtalen.

Dersom alt er i orden, signerer din studiekonsulent avtalen. Da sendes avtalen automatisk videre til vertsinstitusjonen for den siste signaturen. Når alle tre parter har signert, er avtalen komplett.

Du får varsel per e-post når avtalen signeres og kan sjekke status under My Learning Agreements.

To complete the learning agreement, you must first sign in the signature field and then click the button at the bottom of the page to send the agreement to your student advisor for the next signature. You must complete both of these steps.

We recommend that you inform your student advisor once you have signed the agreement in case they miss the notification.

If everything is in order, your student advisor will sign the agreement. The agreement is then automatically forwarded to the host institution for the final signature. When all three parties have signed, the agreement is complete.

You will receive an email notification when the agreement is signed, and you can check the status under My Learning Agreements.

Changing the Online Learning Agreement (OLA)

If you need to change your courses during your exchange period, you must update the OLA even if this has been signed by all three parties.

Please remember that if you're changing to courses that haven not already been pre-approved by UiS, you must submit a new application for pre-approval for the new courses.

  • Select Apply Changes in the menu on the right-hand side of the signed agreement under My Learning Agreements.
  • Find the section where you need to make changes.
  • If you're adding or removing courses from Table A, you must indicate this in Table A2.
  • After making any changes, all three parties must sign the agreement again.

Please note that if you need to change to courses that have not already been pre-approved by UiS, you must submit a new application for pre-approval to your faculty/department.

What if you can't use the Online Learning Agreement (OLA)?

If your host institution doesn't use the online version of the Learning Agreement, you must submit a PDF version. You can refer to the guide for the OLA for how to fill in the different sections and fields.

Remember to either sign the PDF digitally or print the document to sign physically and scan the signed version before you send it to your student advisor for the second signature. After your student advisor signs, you must send it to the host institution for the final signature.

Once the agreement is complete, you must upload the PDF version in the Exchange Guide and notify your contact person.

Download the Learning Agreement template for studies (MS Word).

Learning Agreement for Traineeships

Completed and signed by the student, UiS, and host institution

The Learning Agreement for Traineeships is not available digitally, and you must use the document template linked below.

The first part of the Learning Agreement for traineeships is similar to the Learning Agreement for studies, and you can refer to the guide above to see how to fill in the overlapping fields.

Remember to either sign the PDF digitally or print the document to sign physically and scan the signed version before you send it to your student advisor for the second signature. After your student advisor signs, you must send it to the host institution for the final signature.

Once the agreement is complete, you must upload the PDF version in the Exchange Guide and notify your contact person.

Download the template for the Learning Agreement for Traineeships (MS Word)

You should contact the responsible person at your department/faculty for guidance when filling in this section of the agreement.

  • Detailed programme of the traineeship
  • Knowledge, skills and competences to be acquired by the end of the traineeship
  • Monitoring plan
  • Evaluation plan

After your traineeship is finished, you must ask the host institution to complete and sign this section.

You should make sure the host institution provides exact start and end dates for your exchange so that you don't have to submit the Confirmation of Erasmus+ Exchange as well.

Grant Agreement

Completed and signed by the student and UiS

You will receive the Grant Agreement through the Exchange Guide in the Digital Student Service Desk as the semester start approaches. Make sure to fill in the agreement carefully and note that all the fields are mandatory.

After you have completed and signed the agreement, you must upload it to the Exchange Guide and notify your contact person so that UiS can sign as well.

Below, you will find more information on how to fill in the different parts of the agreement. Please contact the International Office through the Exchange Guide if you have any questions.

Preamble

Personal information

Write your full first and last name(s) as written in your passport. You must also fill in your official residential address, including the house/building number, street name, postal code, and city.

Payment information

Fill in your account and bank details. You must write the account number where you wish to receive the grant, the account owner's name, and the full official name of your bank. You must also fill in the BIC/SWIFT and the IBAN. BIC/SWIFT codes are tied to the bank and are usually found on the bank's website. The IBAN is for the individual account, and must be found in your online bank or equivalent.

Remember to be careful when filling in these fields and double-check all the information, as it is used to pay the grant.

Total amount includes

In this section, you can tick the boxes for additional grants that are relevant to you. The base grant and the travel grant are ticked by default.

Read more about the Erasmus+ grant rates

Additional grant for traineeships

If you are going on exchange to do a traineeship, you must tick the box for "top-up amount for traineeships."

Additional grant for underrepresented groups
  • Students with children or other caring responsibilities: Students who have children under 18 years old, regardless of whether the child accompanies them on the exchange. Students who are the primary caregiver of younger siblings, elderly family members and/or family members with serious mental and/or physical illness or addiction
  • Students with long-term disabilities and chronic illnesses
  • Students with refugee status
  • First-generation students: Students who are the first in their family to complete higher education, and who do not have parents or siblings who have previously completed higher education
  • Students who belong to or have a connection to the indigenous population (Sámi) or one of the national minorities (Jews, Kven/Norwegian Finns, Romani/Taters, Forest Finns and Roma)

If you belong to any of these categories, you may tick the box for "top-up amount for students with fewer opportunities." You will then be contacted by the International Office and asked to sign a Declaration of Honour to confirm that you are a student belonging to an underrepresented group.

Inclusion support for special accommodation

If you are applying for additional financial support to accommodate special needs, you must tick the box for "inclusion support." The International Office will contact you to follow up the next steps.

Read more about accommodation for Erasmus+ students

Article 2: Duration of Mobility

  • 2.1: Enter the estimated start and end dates of your stay. You can refer to the academic calendar, but we recommend entering the start of the exam period as the end date to reduce the risk of having to repay parts of the grant if you have an earlier exam.
  • 2.2: Fill in the same start and end dates as in 2.1. You must also write the number of days you will be on exchange.

Article 3: Financial Support

  • 3.2: Fill in the same number of days as in 2.2.

Article 7: Insurance

  • 7.1: Check which insurance types apply to your exchange. This depends on whether you are attending studies or a traineeship, but note that health insurance in mandatory for everyone. You must then carefully read the information on the website about insurance during your exchange.
  • 7.2: Tick the box indicating that you have read the information about insurance for your exchange. You must also tick the box indicating that you will obtain the required insurance before you start your exchange.

Read more about insurance during your exchange

Signatures

Write your full name, as well as the place and date for the signing. You can either sign the agreement digitally, or print the document and sign physically.

After you have signed the agreement, you must upload it to the Exchange Guide and notify your contact person.

Confirmation of Erasmus+ Exchange Period

Completed and signed by the host institution

The final Erasmus+ grant is calculated based on the number of days you have actually been physically present at the host institution to participate in studies or a traineeship during your exchange. After your exchange period is completed, you must submit a confirmation of the duration of your stay.

Download the document: Confirmation of Erasmus+ Exchange Period (pdf).

You must get this document completed and signed by the host institution at the end of your exchange period, and then upload it to the Exchange Guide.

What is the confirmation used for?

The main grant is calculated based on the dates you provide in the grant agreement. This is the first payment you receive.

The host institution fills in the actual start date (first lecture date/orientation week) and end date (final physical exam or equivalent), and then signs the document. The total grant amount is adjusted at the end of the stay based on the dates specified by the host institution.

After this adjustment, you may receive any remaining grant or be asked to repay parts of the grant.

For traineeship students

You must fill out the After the Mobility section in the learning agreement for traineeships after the placement is over. If the host institution provides exact dates for your stay in this section, you do not need to submit the form Confirmation of Erasmus+ Exchange Period.

Please note that traineeship students who are on exchange for only 2 months will receive the full grant at the beginning of their stay.

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Outbound exchange at UiS

How to apply for outbound exchange

Here you will find a guide for the various stages for going on exchange for one or two semesters.

Explore your options

When and where can I travel?

Fagrerik gate i Spania med to bord og stoler under et tre.
Alicante, Spain

What does it mean to go on exchange?

An exchange gives you the opportunity to study abroad for one or two semesters. You must choose courses that can be approved as part of your degree when you return. This is a unique chance to live and study in a country you’re interested in!

Unfortunately, exchange is only available to bachelor's and master's students.

Check when and where you can go

All study programmes at UiS must have a semester that is designed for exchange, and it is rarely possible to go on exchange outside the recommended semester. Always start by reading about the exchange opportunities in your study programme by searching for the relevant programme in the map on the main page for exchange.

Main page for outbound exchange at UiS.

You should also read through the requirements for applying for exchange.

Rules for applying for exchange as part of a full degree programme

Familiarise yourself with the host institutions

Once you have found your study programme through the map and read the information about exchange, you can move on to the descriptions of the recommended institutions.

You can also read about previous exchange students' experiences.

Course offers and spesialisations

Check if the institutions you're interested in offer relevant courses or placement opportunities before applying. Remember that not all institutions recommended for your study programme will necessarily suit your specialization.

You should always discuss options with your student adviser.

Interested in an institution not recommended for your study programme?

UiS may have an agreement with an institution in a country you're interested in, but which is not recommended in your study programme. You must always contact the International Office for clarification if you wish to go on exchange to such an institution.

Explore different opportunities for semester exchange: networks and agreements with institutions abroad.

If you wish to go to an institution UiS does not have an exchange agreement with, you must go as a so-called "freemover" student. You are then responsible for the entire application process yourself.

Outbound exchange as a Freemover student.

Possible requirements from the host institution

Check if the host institution has tuition fees, GPA requirements, or language requirements. This is stated in the institution descriptions.

How to calculate your grade point average at UiS.

International students who pay tuition fees at UiS must continue to pay this fee during the exchange and are not exempt from any potential tuition fees at the host institution.

Rules for tuition fees during exchange.

Personal considerations

Remember that academic considerations are only one part of choosing where you want to go on exchange. Familiarise yourself with the country you wish to travel to and consider factors that may be relevant to you and your situation. These may include aspects related to minority background, ethnicity and religion, orientation and identity, language and culture, climate, safety, disability, or health services.

What should you consider when choosing a country for exchange?

Questions?

If you have questions about course or placement choices, applying for pre-approval, or your education plan, you must contact your student advisor.

Find your student advisor.

If you have general questions about exchange, please contact the International Office.

We assist you in the Exchange Guide through the Digital Student Service Desk.

Apply to go on exchange

How to apply in Søknadsweb

Gate i Paris med rosa hus
Paris, France

Applying for exchange through Søknadsweb means you are applying to use one of the exchange spaces UiS has at institutions abroad.

All students who wish to go on exchange must start the Exchange Guide. There, you can send questions to the International Office and receive follow-up from your contact person if you receive an exchange offer.

Rules for applying for exchange and for allocation of spaces

Before applying, you should familiarise yourself with the requirements for applying for exchange and how spaces are allocated if there are more applicants for an institution than spaces available.

Rules for applying for exchange as part of a full degree programme and rules for ranking applicants for limited exchange study spaces as part of a full degree study programme.

Apply through Søknadsweb

You submit the actual application through Søknadsweb. You can choose up to 5 application options in order of priority.

If you wish to apply to an institution that is not recommended in your study programme but is open to all UiS students, select “other exchange agreements” (or equivalent) and enter the full name of the institution and priority number in the extra information field. Remember to clarify this with the International Office before applying.

Apply for exchange in Søknadsweb.

You must upload a motivation letter in Norwegian in Søknadsweb by the application deadline when applying for exchange. Please introduce yourself and explain why you wish to go on exchange. Your department will use the letter when allocating traineeship spaces, and it is important that you include any special accommodation needs, personal skills and experiences, and relevant language proficiency.

Please note that you must upload the motivation letter in Søknadsweb by the application deadline for your application to be complete.

Qualified students can apply to two host institutions because admission is based on audition.

Please note that the host institutions often have very early application deadlines. Therefore, you should prepare documents and audition videos for both institutions already when applying to UiS, but you should not upload them in Søknadsweb. General documentation requirements can be found under exchange in your study programme description. Specific requirements can be found on the websites of the relevant institutions.

Application deadlines

Submit your application by the deadline. You cannot apply og change your application after the deadline, and there are no waitlist spaces.

  • Application deadline for exchange in the spring semester: 1 September
  • Application deadline for exchange in the autumn semester: 1 February*

*This deadline applies to both autumn and spring semesters for students at the Faculty of Performing Arts.

Please note that agreements UiS has with institutions you apply to may change or be cancelled after the application deadline. If this happens, we will contact you to explore other options.

Application response

The International Office processes applications on an ongoing basis, and you will usually receive a response within 3 weeks after the application deadline.

If you receive an exchange offer, you must respond in Søknadsweb within the deadline specified in the offer letter (5 days). You will receive a receipt by email after you have responded. If you experience technical issues, you must contact the International Office before the response deadline.

Please note that the offer will expire if you do not respond within the deadline. If you decline an offer, you will not receive an offer for another institution.

Questions?

If you have questions about course or placement choices, applying for pre-approval, or your education plan, you must contact your student advisor.

Find your student advisor.

If you have general questions about exchange or need guidance on your application, please contact the International Office.

We assist you in the Exchange Guide through the Digital Student Service Desk.

Prepare your application to the host institution

What to do before applying for admission

Traditional buildings in Seoul
Seoul, Korea

If you have accepted an exchange offer from UiS within the deadline, you will be assigned a contact person from the International Office. This person will help you get started with the application process.

Please remember that all communication from the International Office takes place in the Exchange Guide. You must start this to receive further follow-up.

Your contact person will nominate you to the host institution

Nomination means that UiS informs the host institution that you will be applying for admission. We will contact you through the Exchange Guide if we need information from you, and you must keep an eye on your email during this period.

Please wait to contact the host institution until we have confirmed your nomination.

Familiarise yourself with the host institution's application process

After the nomination, you must apply for admission directly to the host institution. Your contact person or the host institution will provide guidance on how to do this.

You must read carefully through all the information and any documents you receive. It is your responsibility to familiarise yourself with the application process and the documents you need to include with your application. Please remember also to check if you need to choose courses or apply for student housing as part of the application process.

We recommend that you prepare all documents well in advance of the host institution's application deadline.

Apply for pre-approval

To ensure that courses or placements are approved as part of your degree, you must apply for pre-approval. This is also a requirement to apply for support from Lånekassen. You should have received pre-approval for courses or placements before registering for courses at the host institution.

Read more about pre-approval of partial studies abroad.

Plan for the semester after the exchange

If the exchange ends after the next semester at UiS has started, you must make a plan for the adjustment of your study plan with your student advisor so that you are not delayed in your studies. This applies, for example, to institutions where semesters start later than in Norway. Please make a plan before departure.

If you are going to write a bachelor's or master's thesis after the exchange, you should also check if there is information you need before you leave.

Special accommodations

If you have special needs, you should inform your contact person in the International Office, your student advisor at UiS, and the host institution early on. This ensures the best possible accommodation.

Read more about accommodation during your exchange.

Questions?

If you have questions about course or placement choices, applying for pre-approval, or your education plan, you must contact your student advisor.

Find your student advisor.

If you have general questions about exchange or need guidance on your application, please contact the International Office.

We assist you in the Exchange Guide through the Digital Student Service Desk.

Apply for admission

Submit your application to the host institution

Nyhavn i København
Copenhagen, Denmark

When you have prepared everything you need for the application, you can apply for admission to the host institution. You must complete the application by the deadline and should apply as soon as you are ready.

Questions?

If you have questions about the application, documentation requirements, or login issues, you can contact the host institution. Be aware that response times to emails can vary, so make sure to contact them early.

Practical preparations

What do you need to prepare before you can go on exchange?

Gold Coast i Australia fra fugleperspektiv, hav og by
Gold Coast, Australia

After you have applied for admission to the host institution, there are some practical things you need to prepare.

Unfortunately, UiS cannot assist with visa applications or finding accommodation but can provide general advice.

Semester fee and semester registration at UiS

Even if you go on exchange, you are still a student at UiS and must pay the semester fee by the given deadline to retain your study rights. You must also register for the semester/approve your education plan in Studentweb.

Read more about entitlements and obligations.

Finances

You must check if you qualify for loans and grants from Lånekassen and any other support schemes. Remember that you must have been admitted to the host institution and have received pre-approval for courses or placements before you can apply for support from Lånekassen.

Read more about finances during outbound exchange.

Housing

You must explore accommodation options at your host institution and familiarise yourself with any application process. Be aware that most host institutions do not guarantee student housing.

Read more about housing during outbound exchange.

Insurance

You must have sufficient travel, health, and other additional insurance that covers your entire exchange. Health insurance is also a mandatory requirement to receive the Erasmus+ grant.

Read more about insurance during outbound exchange.

Erasmus+

If you are going on exchange through Erasmus+, you will receive an Erasmus+ grant. It is important to familiarise yourself with submission deadlines and documentation requirements to receive the grant. The International Office organises information meetings and drop-ins for all students this applies to.

Read more about exchange through Erasmus+.

Visa

You must check whether you need a visa. This usually depends on your citizenship. Find out what type of visa you need and what affects this (e.g., studies or placement, and the duration of your stay). Remember to check your passport's expiry date and any validity requirements after returning home.

Contact the relevant embassy or consulate for questions about the visa and the application process. If you have already been nominated to a host institution, you can also contact them for any documents needed for the visa application.

Vaccinations and health

Stay updated on which vaccinations are required or recommended for the country you are traveling to. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has useful information on infection prevention advice for travel. Start vaccinations well in advance of departure for the best possible protection.

If you are going on a placement, there may be specific vaccine requirements. Please contact your faculty/department and the host institution for information on any vaccine requirements for the placement period.

Always check the documentation requirements in advance if you are traveling with medication.

Read the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's vaccination and infection prevention advice for travel.

Emergency preparedness and safety

When going on exchange, it is important to be prepared for unforeseen events. Have a plan for what to do if a crisis occurs and know who you can contact in emergencies.

The International Office organizes an information meeting on emergency preparedness and safety for all students going on exchange. This meeting provides you with tools and knowledge to handle any challenges during the exchange.

Remember to be aware and take responsibility for your own safety.

Read the instructions for emergency preparedness for outbound exchange carefully.

Language course

If you go on exchange with Erasmus+, you get access to free Online Language Support (OLS). You can assess and improve your language level through the online platform EU Academy.

Read more about language courses through Erasmus+.

It is also possible to apply for support for language courses from Lånekassen.

Read more about Lånekassen's criteria for language support.

Questions?

At this stage, you should be in contact with the host institution. If you have questions, you can also contact the International Office.

We assist you in the Exchange Guide through the Digital Student Service Desk.

During your stay

Remember this during your exchange

Trevifontenen i Roma
Rome, Italy

Update information in Studentweb

Register emergency contact details and your address abroad if you haven’t already done so.

Complete registration at the host institution

Attend the official semester start at the host institution. Some institutions also require attendance during welcome weeks or similar events.

Check if the host institution has a specific registration procedure upon your arrival (such as physical registration at the International Office).

If something happens

If you experience an emergency situation, please follow the guidelines outlined on the emergency preparedness website for Norwegian institutions: sikresiden.no and notify UiS. Please also notify UiS if you experience any violations of your academic freedoms at the host institution.

Link to sikresiden.no

Link to UiS's alert system Let us know.

Transcript of Records from your exchange semester 

Before your stay is complete, you must find out how to obtain an official version of your final transcript. Some institutions send this directly to UiS, while others provide it to students or ask you to download a digital version. It is your responsibility to obtain this document.

Termination of your exchange

If you wish to cancel your exchange after it has started, you must inform the following parties:

  • Your contact person in the International Office
  • Your student advisor
  • The host institution

If you have received an Erasmus+ grant, you may be asked to reimburse the entire amount.

Learn more about the rules for Erasmus+ grants and exchange termination

Questions?

At this stage, you should be in contact with the host institution. If you have questions, you can also contact the International Office.

We assist you in the Exchange Guide through the Digital Student Service Desk.

After your stay

Complete this when you return home

Utsiktsbilde med mennesker som ser utover havet i solnedgang
Dublin, Ireland

Final approval

To have the pre-approved courses or placement included in your degree, you must apply for final approval of your exchange when you return home. Remember to upload the official Transcript of Records from the host institution as part of your application.

Learn more about final approval of partial studies abroad.

Erasmus+

If you have received an Erasmus+ grant, you must submit all necessary documents by the specified deadline.

Information about exchange through Erasmus+.

Questions?

If you have questions about applying for final approval, you must contact your student advisor.

Find your student advisor.

If you have other questions, please contact the International Office.

We assist you in the Exchange Guide through the Digital Student Service Desk.

Student pages

Kitty Kiellands hus, Rennebergstien 30, 4021 Stavanger Universitetet i Stavanger, Postboks 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger +47 51 83 10 00 971564679
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Laboratories for geology and reservoir

The Faculty of Science and Technology at UiS has several laboratories within the field of geology and reservoir. Here is an overview of relevant equipment and facilities.

X-ray diffraction (XRD)

The XRD laboratory conducts qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of samples in powdered or solid form to identify and quantify crystalline phases in minerals and inorganic materials.

When the sample is analysed using XRD, it will produce a pattern that functions as a sort of fingerprint. This can then be compared with a large database of the different patterns of known materials. The laboratory has different holders for different types and quantities of materials. The laboratory is mainly used by students and staff, although it is also used by external customers.

  • Bruker D8 Advance Eco diffractometer equipped with a Lynxeye detector (Cu-Kα radiation, 40 kV voltage, 25 mA current)
  • Flipstick sample holder for up to 9 samples in powder or solid form (normal holders, back-loading holders, low amount Si-crystal holders, filter holders ++)
  • XYZ table
  • Setup for capillary tubes
  • Diffrac.EVA license
  • Diffrac.TOPAS license
  • ICDD PDF-4+ license

Contactperson: Caroline Ruud

Core lab

The core lab contains equipment for preparing test plugs of different types of rock and triaxial cells to study the mechanical properties of these types of rock under different test conditions.

For example, in the case of triaxial cells, the confining pressure, capping pressure, pore pressure and temperature of an oil reservoir are simulated. This allows users to study the mechanical behaviour of different types of rock under real reservoir conditions. Since liquids or gas can also be injected through core plugs mounted in triaxial cells, users can perform tests linked to permeability, CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery/improved oil recovery (EOR/IOR). The laboratory is mainly used for research in bachelor's, master’s and doctoral degree programmes. The core lab also carries out commissions for external contractors. 

  • Core preparation: Core drill, lathe, cutting machines and grinding machine 
  • Mechanical rock testing: 11 triaxial cells and Brazilian cells All triaxial cells can measure radial and axial deformation and conduct tests at reservoir temperatures and with the continuous liquid flooding. 
  • Autosamplers for sampling liquid samples from flooding experiments.
  • Simple strength tests: Uniaxial strength (UCS test) and indirect tensile strength (Brazilian test)  
  • Triaxial testing: Deviatoric, isotropic and uniaxial stress tests. Analyses how flooding liquids and temperature affect mechanical properties. 
  • Permeability measurements 

Contactperson: Reidar Inge Korsnes

Thin sections and milling

The laboratory for preparing geological samples has equipment for preparing and conducting petrographic analysis of thin sections, as well as other preparation methods such as casting in epoxy (with or without colour) under vacuum, grinding and polishing, crushing/ milling samples, and particle size distribution analysis.

Good sample preparation is important for further analysis using optical microscopes and electron microscopes. The laboratory can prepare both covered and polished thin sections.

The laboratory is mainly used by students and staff. Some analyses are also carried out for other research departments and industry.

  • Astera VAC-12 Vacuum chamber
  • Astera GRN16 Grinding robot
  • Astera CUT8 Saw
  • Buehler Lapro Slab Saw
  • Mastersizer 3000 Particle size distribution
  • Lumic CL microscope with camera
  • Retsch RS200 Disc mill with agate grinding cup
  • Retsch SK300 Cross beater Mill
  • Struers DiskoPlan TS saw
  • Struers Accutom-50 saw
  • Struers Accutom-100 saw and grinding
  • Struers Rotopol-35 polishing machine
  • Struers Tegramin-30 grinding and polishing machine
  • Struer's CitoVac Vacuum chamber
  • Struers Labotom-5 cutting machine
  • Zeiss AxioLab Microscope with camera attached
  • Grinding plates and grinding wheels
  • Sieving machines
  • Preparation of thin sections.
  • Petrographic analysis.
  • Grain distribution/ particle size distribution analysis
  • Embedding of samples in epoxy
  • Grinding and polishing
  • Geological sample preparation

Contactperson: Caroline Ruud

Mineral separation

In the laboratory for mineral separation, the specific weight and magnetic properties of minerals are exploited to extract specific minerals from crushed rock samples. This is mainly done so minerals can be studied in detail and to decide the age of a rock using, for example, the uranium-lead method.

The laboratory at UiS uses two different types of heavy liquids as well as a Frantz magnetic separator to enable isolating desired minerals. It also has microscopes fitted with cameras so various samples or minerals can be studied in detail. The work is mainly carried out for students and staff. External commissions are also carried out for other research departments and for industry.

  • Frantz magnetic separator
  • Olympus SZX16 stereo microscope with camera
  • Centrifuge
  • Magnets
  • Mineral separation with heavy liquids
  • Mineral separation with magnetic separator
  • Embedding of minerals/grains
  • Mineralogy
  • Microscopy

Contactperson: Caroline Ruud

Enhanced / improved oil recovery (EOR / IOR)

The EOR/IOR laboratory contains equipment and set-ups used for experimental research into increased petroleum extraction. The activities help to increase the understanding of, for example, liquid flow in porous media. The laboratory is used for both research and teaching.

Laboratorium
  • Amott imbibition cells for studying low and high (reservoir) temperatures.  
  • A heating cabinet with Hassler cells for flood experiments at reservoir pressures and reservoir temperatures.  
  • Autosamplers for sampling liquid samples from flooding experiments. 
  • SEM-EDS, XRD and geochemical measurements in mineralogical studies.  
  • IC and ICP for water analyses.  
  • Acid/base figures and asphalt measurements for oil analyses.
  • Microscopy

Contactperson: Skule Strand

Geotechnics

The geotechnical laboratory conducts investigations related to identifying and classifying soils, as well as analyses of the mechanical properties of soils. The laboratory is used for both research and teaching.

Structural Geology

Sieve shaker analysis is used to determine grain size and quantities within given grain intervals. Segmentation testing is conducted using a hydrometer to study material grading for materials with a grain size of smaller than 0.063mm. Users can also prepare undisturbed clay samples and determine shear strength through uniaxial pressure testing or cone experiments. In the case of clay samples, liquid limits and plasticity limits can also be studied. The laboratory also has equipment for determining the density of clay, sand, aggregates extracted from asphalt and similar materials (finer than 4.0mm). 

  • Splitting apparatus
  • Crushing machine
  • HAVER ML sieve machine
  • Sieves with square holes
  • Equipment for sedimentation testing
  • Displacer for clay samples GEONOR
  • Zwick hydraulic press 2.5kN
  • Cone apparatus GEONOR
  • Casagrande apparatus
  • Vacuum desiccator and glass pycnometers
  • Heating cabinet (Memmert and Binder)
  • Heater (Binder)
  • Splitting of samples to obtain a representative test sample from a large quantity of samples
  • Sieve shaker analysis (wet sieving) both with sieving machines and by manual sieving
  • Sedimentation testing using a hydrometer
  • Preparation of undisturbed clay samples
  • Shear strength (uniaxial hydraulic press or cone apparatus)
  • Liquid limit and plasticity limit
  • Grain density

Contactperson: Guzman Cruz Rodriguez

Near-surface geophysics

The near-surface geophysics laboratory has a range of geophysical measurement equipment for both onshore and offshore applications. The available instruments and equipment can be used to measure subsurface responses with both seismic and electromagnetic waves. The laboratory offers autonomous platforms and has developed an autonomous catamaran that can be equipped with various instruments.

Liten båt på vann som samler inn geofysisk informasjon

For water, the laboratory has a high-frequency CHIRP sonar (10-20 kHz). This is used for both archaeological and geotechnical purposes and provides a good picture of shallow subsurface layers. There is also a low-frequency source (Boomer), with a frequency range of 700-2000 Hz. This is used for geotechnical purposes at sea and provides a good picture of deeper subsurface layers. A ground-penetrating radar (80 MHz) is used onshore for archaeological and geotechnical purposes. This provides a good picture of the subsurface using electromagnetic waves. The laboratory is also equipped with 24 wireless three-component geophones that use a 5kg sledgehammer as the seismic source.

  • High-frequency (10-20 kHz) bottom-penetrating sonar (Chirp).
  • Low frequency (700-2000 Hz) Boomer system with two streamers.
  • Malå GX80 HDR (center frequency 80 MHz) Georadar.
  • 24 pcs 10 Hz 3-component, wireless geophones. 5 kg sledgehammer with trigger that can be used as a seismic source.
  •  Minicat 420 catamaran boat equipped with two Minn kota Riptide electric motors. The boat is driven by remote control or autonomously.)
  • Measurements of stratigraphy, structure and elasticity of near-surface geology on land and in water.

Contactperson: Wiktor Waldemar Weibull

Geodesy / Lidar

The geodesy and Lidar laboratories support various laboratory and field activities across departments. Lidar can be used for 3D modelling based on laser technology.

Light detection and ranging

3D models can be used to interpret geology and perform highly accurate measurements. A series of models allows surface changes to be detected (for example, when mapping avalanche risk). Lidar is also an important tool for urban planning, as well as discovering and preserving cultural sites (for example, archaeological finds). 

  • Reigl VZ4000 LIDAR 
  • GNSS (CPOS) Total station 
  • Leveling scope 
  • Stretch tabs 
  • DIC (photogrammetry with digital image correlation) 
  • Accelerometer 
  • ADCP including pressure sensor 
  • Equipment for fall protection and access technology 
  • 3D modelling using laser technology 
  • Surface and change mapping 
  • Various geodetic methods  
  • Coordinate systems  
  • Transformations  
  • Variance propagation  
  • Variance and tolerance analysis  
  • Minimum square method (equalisation)  
  • Various survey methods (both onshore and offshore)  
  • Collocation: Fall protection and access technology  

Contactpersons: Sven Roemer and Lisa Jean Watson (LIDAR)

Data- and geomodelling  

The data- and geomodelling laboratory has advanced equipment for research, teaching and student-based activities within the field of subsurface interpretation.

Geologi-bilder, seismisk bilde, grafikk

The laboratory also enables subsurface conditions/porous media to be simulated and interpreted using both commercial and open source software. 

  • Workstations with the following software:
    • Petrel 
    • Eclipse 
    • Sendra 
    • Kappa 
    • MRST 
    • Interactive Petrophysics 
    • DecisionSpace 
    • Move 
    • OpendTect 
    • ArcGIS
  • Static and dynamic reservoir simulation 
  • Core analyses 
  • Interpretation of seismic and logs (including well logs)
  • Well testing 
  • Regional mapping 
  • Reservoir modelling 

Contactperson: Andreas Habel

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Laboratories at UiS

Nettsted for skolebibliotekarer om informasjonskompetanse

Program for skolebibliotekutvikling ved Universitetet i Agder har et nyttig nettsted for skolebibliotekarer.

På nettstedet informasjonskompetanse.no kan bibliotekarer finne ideer til undervisningsopplegg om informasjonskompetanse, eksempler på gjennomførte prosjekt, nettoppdrag og lenker til aktuelle ressurser. Nettstedet omfatter også en progresjonstrapp med relevante kompetansemål fra Kunnskapsløftet LK06 og forslag til læringsmål innen informasjonskompetanse. Hypertekstfortellingen "Hvor er Alexa?" er bygget opp rundt en rekke læringselementer innen informasjonskompetanse. Denne henvender seg direkte til elevene.

Program for skolebibliotekutvikling ved Universitetet i Agder har hatt ansvar for utvikling av nettstedet på oppdrag fra Utdanningsdirektoratet. Mediesenteret ved Høgskolen i Bergen har stått for utforming, grafisk design, nettoppdragene og fortellingen.

Trenger flere bidrag
Samlingen av ideer og eksempler på gjennomførte prosjekt vil utvides etter hvert. Særlig for VGS trenger vi mer materiale, men vi ønsker oss også flere opplegg for grunnskolen. Mange skoler og bibliotek arbeider godt med utvikling av informasjonskompetanse, og vi vil gjerne ha tips, ideer og tilbakemeldinger på nettstedet. Vi håper Informasjonskompetanse.no blir et nyttig verktøy, og ser fram til mange bidrag fra lærere og skolebibliotekarer.

Nasjonalt lesesenter

Nasjonalt lesesenter er landets ledende fagmiljø innen leseopplæring og leseforsking.

Professor Olav Hanssens vei 10, 4021 Stavanger Nasjonalt lesesenter, Universitetet i Stavanger, Postboks 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger +47 51 83 32 00 971564679
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Processing of personal data in bachelor's and master's theses at UiS

If you as a student are going to write a bachelor's or master's thesis and need to use personal information and / or health related information as part of the work, you must be aware that several requirements and expectations are met before you start.

The most important thing you need to do is consult with your supervisor (veileder) before planning and starting up the data collection. The student and supervisor must together ensure that research data is managed in a planned and documented manner at the start of the project. Personal data must always be processed in accordance with laws and regulations.

Student research projects that process personal data must be reported to NSD: Norwegian Center for Research Data. NSD provides privacy services for UiS. The project must be reported to NSD no later than 30 days before the data collection is to start. Medical and health related research projects must also be reported to NSD, this can be done in parallel with the application for ethical prior-approval within the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK). Do not start the project until you have received acceptance from NSD (and approval from REK for medical and health related research projects).

Requirements for processing personal data in student projects

The requirements for processing personal data in student projects correspond to the requirements that apply to researchers / PhD candidates at UiS. In addition, the following applies to student projects:

  • All students processing personal data in student assignments are obliged to read information about this on NSD's website, and to investigate whether the project must be reported to NSD.
  • Bachelor students are recommended to carry out student projects without processing personal data, with the exception of joint registration of projects, or as part of a researcher-led project. It is recommended to use anonymous register data or journal data, or other anonymized data. If the student and supervisor wish to carry out student projects with the processing of personal data, NSD's guide "How to carry out a project without processing personal data?" must be reviewed before the final decision.
  • The student can only submit a notification form to NSD in consultation with the supervisor, and share the form with the supervisor. All dialogue with NSD shall take place in consultation with the supervisor. The student is responsible for following up all feedback from NSD and shall not start processing personal data until there is permission from NSD.
  • The student must send a message / feedback to NSD at the end of the project, and confirm that all data has been deleted / anonymized. All steps in the process are confirmed in writing to the supervisor.

If you have questions related to NSD's notification form, contact the supervisor or NSD: Telephone (10–12): +47 55 58 21 17 (press 1). E-mail: personverntjenester@nsd.no.

Your responsibility for privacy covers all phases of a research project:

The planning or start-up phase is the part of the research project that extends from the preparation of the project sketch until the data collection process begins.

In this phase, you are responsible for the following tasks:

  • In the initial phase, it is especially important to decide what type of data you are going to collect and carefully consider whether there is a need to collect personal information. This is done in consultation with your supervisor.
  • If you are to collect and process personal information, you must make an overview of the types of personal information you are to collect, and together with the supervisor check whether the research project must be reported to NSD, and possibly REK if it concerns health information. You must calculate a good amount of time in advance because data collection cannot start until you have received an assessment from NSD, and a response from REK if applicable to your project.
  • You should set up a Data Management Plan (DMP) that describes how data will be handled during the project period and after the project is completed. You can, together with the supervisor, assess whether it is necessary to use a Data Management Plan tool (DMP) for the project. It is highly recommended as the Data Management Plan helps organizing the process. UiS recommends using NSD's template for Data Management Plan.
  • UiS has published a Classification- and Data Storage guide to facilitate defining what type of data you are handling and how this data can be securely stored.
  • If the project is subject to notification, you must, together with your supervisor, submit the project to NSD. Your supervisor is responsible for the notification form, and the form must be shared with your supervisor on "my page" at NSD. As an appendix to the notification form, information letters to respondents / informants and consent forms must usually be prepared. Medical and health research projects can apply for NSD in parallel with an application for ethical prior approval with regional ethics committees (REK).
  • You are responsible for securing your data and ensuring that technical solutions for the collection, storage, transfer and analysis of research data (personal data) are in line with the guidelines at UiS, see below under information security.
  • You are responsible for safeguarding the privacy of participants in research projects (respondents and informants) when processing personal data about them.

The execution phase is the part of the project that includes data collection and analyzes of collected data (personal data).

In this phase you are responsible for:

  • respond to inquiries from respondents or informants in the project about how their privacy rights are safeguarded in the project.
  • ensure proper deletion of research data / personal data if respondents or informants withdraw their consent to participate in the project.
  • check that personal data processed in the project is not used for other purposes than what the respondents or informants have agreed to.
  • check that terms in agreements with any external information providers, such as register holders, or partners at other institutions are actually complied with.
  • report deviations that occur when processing information about respondents or informants in the project, see notification of deviations below.

If changes are made to the project plan in relation to the information on which NSD's assessments are based, a separate change form must be submitted. You will then have to wait for a new assessment from NSD. Changes in the project may mean that a new information letter must be sent and new consent must be obtained from respondents / informants.

The closure phase includes the part of the research project where the data analysis has been completed and collected data (personal information) is to be deleted, anonymized, or possibly archived. This must always be done as you have described it in the message to NSD, and you must notify NSD that the project has been completed and data has been deleted / anonymized.

In this phase, you are responsible for the following tasks, in line with what you have reported to NSD:

  • ensure that all personal information about respondents or informants that is not to be stored after the end of the project is properly deleted.
  • ensure that personal information that is to be stored after the end of the project is anonymized, for example by destroying the connection key for deidentified information.
  • ensure that personal data that is to be taken care of after the end of the project is properly stored (if an agreement has been made on secure storage and in consultation with the supervisor).
  • Report to NSD that the project has been completed and data handled in accordance with the registration.

Information security - storage and processing of personal data

The most important thing is that you store, process, share files and data correctly. It is the content and degree of sensitivity of the data that determines where the information can be processed and stored. This is information security. When writing an assignment that requires the processing of sensitive personal data, you must:

  1. Think carefully about the types of information, files and data you should store and process
  2. Find out which information classes apply to this information. Understand what is meant by green, yellow, red and black data. You do this by looking up in the classification guide.

You should note in particular that red data is referred to as sensitive personal data and that such data has strict requirements for protection. Health research data and personally identifiable information should not be stored unsecured!

What kind of tools can I use?

After you have clarified which information class is applicable to your data, you should use UiS's guidelines for what equipment you can use when working with your data. You do this by looking up in UiS's storage guide. This storage guide gives you an overview of what are accepted places to store data. Here you should especially note that you are not allowed to work with anything other than green data on your private PC or Mac. UiS recommends students and researchers to use Nettskjema and Nettskjema-Dictaphone for the collection and processing of “yellow” and “red” data. Nettskjema can be used to create surveys, to make audio recordings of interviews and to process sensitive data. It is important to note that inactive information in Nettskjema is automatically deleted after 6 months from the last collected data.

In most cases, this will be an adequate and safe choice of tools for collecting and processing sensitive data.

If Nettskjema turns out not to be a sufficient solution for storage in connection with your task, you must ensure that the information is stored in other secure ways. Alternative storage areas are described in the storage guide and in Guidelines for processing and storage of research data with personal data in student projects at the University of Stavanger.

Deviations and incidents

If you discover discrepancies or incidents in connection with the protection of personal data, it is very important that you notify this so that UiS can help assess, limit and repair the extent of the damage.

Deviations and incidents may be that you discover that someone has gained unauthorized access to a user account or PC, that you lose a memory stick with data, that you classify data incorrectly and store it in the wrong place, that you discover breaches of confidentiality, errors in anonymization and deletion and similar. In such cases, it is very important that you as a student and / or your supervisor report any deviations immediately.

Notification of breaches or possible breaches of privacy goes to the Privacy Representative at personvernombud@uis.no

Notification of breaches or possible breaches of information security goes to it-hjelp@uis.no

NSD: Reference for privacy in research
NSD: How to carry out a project without processing personal data?
NSD: What is personal information?
REK website
UiS's guidelines for the processing of personal data in student assignments
Classification of information
Storage guide
Nettskjema
Guidelines for using video for interviews for student assignments
UiS: IT regulations

VeraCrypt: This is a free encryption software for both PC and Mac, recommended by UiS-IT if you do not use Nettskjema.All machines, including home and portable machines, to be used in the processing of personal data shall be protected by relevant security mechanisms, including antivirus software, firewall and system for regular updates of operating system and security mechanisms.

Information about Windows:

Help and learning in Windows 10

Device Encryption in Windows 10

Encrypt emails in Windows 10

Information about Mac:

Mac Support

Device Encryption on Mac

Encrypt emails on Mac

Student pages

Kitty Kiellands hus, Rennebergstien 30, 4021 Stavanger Universitetet i Stavanger, Postboks 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger +47 51 83 10 00 971564679
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Elever som strever med leseflyt og «den andre leseopplæringen»

Mange er opptatt av at elever skal ha høy nok lesehastighet. Men det er slett ikke sikkert at en elev som leser med høy hastighet har god leseflyt og leseforståelse. Man bør derfor jobbe med lesekvalitet, ikke bare hastighet, skriver universitetslektor Edle Bentsen.

Etter den første leseopplæringen forventer skolen at elever skal automatisere leseferdighetene sine, både på ord- og setningsnivå. De vil etter hvert møte flere fagspesifikke og akademiske begrep i tekstene, setningsstrukturen blir mer komplisert og det blir mer krevende å få tilgang til innholdet i tekstene.

Å vurdere lesekvalitet krever en subjektiv vurdering, basert på lærerens kompetanse, skriver Edle Bentsen. (Alle illustrasjonsfoto: Getty)

Når læreren forventer at elevene har automatisert leseferdighetene, blir en konsekvens at de sjelden underviser direkte i lesing. Fokuset går snarere over på innholdet i fagene og å lese for å lære fag. Mange kaller dette for «den andre leseopplæringen», der målet er å få elevene til å mestre stillelesing så raskt som mulig. I læreplanen er det et mål at elever skal kunne lese tekster av ulike typer på bokmål og nynorsk med sammenheng og forståelse og kunne reflektere over og samtale om innhold i tekster.

Men noen elever har ikke tilegnet seg grunnleggende leseferdigheter i begynneropplæringen, og strever fortsatt med å lese selv enkle ord. Andre mestrer en nøyaktig ordavkoding. De leser ord for ord, seint med lange pauser og uten betoning, ofte beveger de leppene når de leser. Denne måten å lese på karakteriseres gjerne som «ordplukking». En del elever leser raskt og unøyaktig.

Å lese for seint eller for raskt vil ha konsekvenser for leseforståelsen. Resultatet kan bli lite glede knyttet til lesing, og svak leseutvikling.  Elevene dette gjelder vil kunne komme til kort og ha mindre muligheter til å nå målene i læreplanen. For mange er det ikke tilstrekkelig med undervisning i lydmetoden, vokabularferdigheter og leseforståelsesstrategier.

Dette er elever som fungerer på nivå med jevnaldrende når det kommer til andre ferdigheter som ikke krever lesing, og ofte er lytteforståelsen god. Vanskene kan knyttes til leseflyt, men også ha andre årsaker. Disse kan være manglende konsentrasjon eller oppmerksomhet, mangelfull undervisning eller manglende motivasjon som et resultat av stadige nederlag knyttet til lesing.

Leseflyt som en bro mellom ordlesing og leseforståelse

Å lese med flyt er viktig for å ha god leseferdighet, og er av den grunn nødvendig å fokusere på i undervisningen. Ofte blir økt lesehastighet betraktet som formålet med undervisning i leseflyt. Kanskje fordi en tenker at det er relativt enkelt å måle elevers lesehastighet, og at en ved å tallfeste lesing fremstår som en pålitelig og nøytral fagperson. Men leseflyt er et komplekst begrep og det er slett ikke sikkert at en elev som leser med høy hastighet har god leseflyt og -forståelse.

Leseflyt defineres som evnen til å kunne lese en tekst hurtig og korrekt og med prosodi og består av to ulike komponenter: automatisert ordgjenkjenning og en prosodi som reflekterer tekstens innhold. Definisjonens første del; å lese hurtig og korrekt, beskrives som å kunne kjenne igjen eller avkode ord nøyaktig og uten anstrengelse. Dette kalles også automatisert ordgjenkjenning. Elever som bruker for mye oppmerksomhet til å avkode ord, vil ha mindre energi tilgjengelig til å få tilgang til mening i tekst. På samme måte vil elever som bruker mye ressurser på å stave enkeltord, ha lite energi igjen til å produsere en hel tekst. Dersom du leser denne teksten, har du sannsynligvis automatisert ordlesingen din. Ordene kjennes igjen raskt og effektivt og du kan fokusere på innholdet.

Leseflyt er et komplekst begrep og det er slett ikke sikkert at en elev som leser med høy hastighet har god leseflyt og -forståelse.

Definisjonens andre del handler om at uttrykt leseflyt kjennetegnes av korrekt prosodi, eller innlevelse. Leseren må ha en viss forståelse for innholdet, for å kunne gjenspeile forfatterens intensjon med teksten. Samtidig støttes forståelsen ved hjelp av korrekt volum, stemmeleie og trykk på enkeltord. Forskere peker på at elever som strever med leseforståelse, ofte har dårlig leseflyt.

Å lese med korrekt prosodi betyr ikke at leseflyt kun kan knyttes til høytlesing. Ved stillelesing kreves det også god leseflyt for å forstå teksten. Vi leser «høyt» inne i vårt eget hode, med en form for indre stemme. Leseflyt karakteriseres som broen mellom ordgjenkjenning og leseforståelse, og er derfor nødvendig også når vi leser for oss selv.

Det er viktig å følge med på utviklingen av elevers leseflyt for å kunne fange opp elever som er i risikosonen for dårlig leseutvikling. Men å måle elevers prosodi er ikke like enkelt som å måle lesehastighet.  Det beste er å lytte til elever som leser og notere kjennetegn på både korrekt og feil ordlesing og prosodi. Det krever en subjektiv vurdering, basert på lærerens kompetanse. Å vurdere enkeltelever på denne måten kan oppleves som ressurskrevende, men her vil en få tak i informasjon som kan brukes pedagogisk. Dette i motsetning til en prøve som måler lesehastighet, men som sier lite og ingenting om elevens leseferdighet.

Undervisning i leseflyt

Repetert lesing

Repetert lesing har tradisjonelt vært den metoden mange lærere har grepet til for å styrke elevers leseflyt (eller kanskje heller øke lesehastigheten deres?). Metoden innebærer at elever leser samme tekst om igjen flere ganger. Elever som kan overvåke og evaluere sin egen lesing vil generelt ha effekt av denne formen for trening, selv om mange synes repetert lesing er kjedelig og lite motiverende. De kjenner igjen innholdet i teksten og å lese den om igjen tilfører ikke noe nytt. Elever som strever trenger imidlertid mer eksplisitt undervisning eller direkte instruksjon. Dersom de blir overlatt til seg selv, uten feedback, er det en fare for at de vil forsterke dårlige strategier eller arbeide mot feil mål.

Det er hensiktsmessig at en lærer først leser teksten høyt med god prosodi. Læreren fungerer som en modelleser og elevene får erfare hvordan flytende lesing høres ut.

Eksplisitt undervisning

Elever som strever med leseflyt er ofte lite bevisste på hvordan deres egen høytlesing høres ut. Det er naturlig dersom fokuset er på å lese enkeltord. De har behov for en lærer eller annen kompetent leser som kan overvåke lesingen, være en god lesemodell og gi hjelp og støtte når de leser høyt. Konkrete tilbakemeldinger til elevene er nødvendig, både knyttet til områder som de strever med og det som de får godt til. Lydopptak av elevers høytlesing gjør det enklere å overvåke utvikling over tid og undervisningen kan enklere rettes mot den enkeltes behov.

Det er hensiktsmessig at en lærer først leser teksten høyt med god prosodi. Læreren fungerer som en modelleser og elevene får erfare hvordan flytende lesing høres ut. Vær tydelig på at denne måten å lese på krever øvelse og er et mål de skal arbeide mot i bestemte treningsøkter. Videre kan det være nyttig å diskutere selve lesingen etterpå. Var det en skummel fortelling? Hva var det som gjorde at det hørtes skummelt ut? Hvordan visste du at nå var det innbruddstyven som snakket? Hjelp elevene til å se at prosodien kan gjøre teksten kjekk å lytte til og lettere å forstå. Demonstrer også hvordan det høres ut når noen leser uten flyt; for raskt, for seint eller som en robot. Hva synes de om denne måten å lese på? Klarer de å fokusere på innholdet? Minn dem om at det ikke er lurt at de selv leser på denne måten.

Mens språk- eller bokstavlyder er flyktige –  de forsvinner i det øyeblikket de er uttalt – kan munnens posisjon når elever uttaler en bokstavlyd erfares og betraktes i et speil. Bevisstgjøring på artikulatoriske kjennetegn; eller på hvilken måte en bokstavlyd «lages» i munnen når den uttales, kan støtte lagring i langtidsminnet. I tillegg til skrivemåte, lydside og betydning, vil også munnmotorikk være en del av lydenes og derved også ordets egenskaper. Det anbefales derfor at elever leser vanskelige ord høyt for seg selv, med fokus på munnmotorikk.

Etter at lærer har modellert ved å lese høyt, leser eleven med støtte av kompetent leser. Dette kan gjøres ved at eleven leser og samtidig lytter til en som leser samme teksten høyt, gjerne et lydopptak. Da får eleven tilgang til alle ordene i teksten, også vanskelige ord som han/hun ikke ville ha klart å lese selv.

Ved veksellesing leser eleven en tekst sammen med en lesepartner med god leseflyt. Lesepartneren (lærer) leser den første siden, deretter veksler de på å lese hvert sitt ord eller hver sin setning. Det kan også være nyttig og motiverende at læreren stopper midt i en setning og eleven overtar. Deretter leser eleven et stykke, stopper, og læreren overtar. Da har ikke eleven ansvaret for lesingen alene, samtidig som det skjerper oppmerksomheten å vite at en ikke bare kan lene seg tilbake og lytte. Hvor mye (ord eller avsnitt) eleven leser vurderes ut fra dagsform motivasjon og så videre, men målet er at eleven etter hvert skal lese mer og læreren trekke seg tilbake.

Korlesing kan oppleves som «ufarlig» for mange elever, fokus på egne ferdigheter unngås når en hel gruppe leser samtidig. Alle elevene får tilgang til teksten og har mulighet for å samtale om den etterpå og trekke frem vanskelige ord og begreper.

Når elevene har kommet opp på et visst nivå, trenger de å få anledning til å lese på egen hånd. Det er allment kjent at for å få mye øvelse gjelder det å lese bredt; et variert utvalg av tekster. Og dette er viktig, derfor har mange skoler har satt av tid til stillelesing hver dag –  den såkalte lesekvarten. Samtidig peker forskningen på at økt struktur og støtte rundt elevers lesing vil gi ytterligere forbedringer.

Det kan være utfordrende å finne tekster som er overkommelige, vekker interesse og som samsvarer med elevens ferdigheter i avkoding. Se etter andre tekster enn sakprosa, som ofte har en refererende form og som ikke inviterer til å lese med innlevelse. Tekster som egner seg til framføring er eventyr, fortellinger, sangtekster, dikt, vitser og replikker til skuespill. Eleven bør gjenkjenne ca. 90 % av teksten som ordbilder, resten bør kunne avkodes fonologisk eller lyderes. Rett oppmerksomheten mot nøkkelord og vanskelige ord; hva de betyr og hvordan de skal avkodes

Mange elever med svake leseferdigheter får kun anledning til å lese en tekst en gang, før de må gå videre til den neste. Da er det vanskelig for dem å oppnå leseflyt. Disse elevene trenger mer lesetrening med samme teksten. Ofte er målet med repetert lesing å øke elevenes lesehastighet fra den ene lesningen til den neste. Men istedenfor å fokusere på økt hastighet er det et poeng å fokusere på lesekvalitet. La elevene øve på å framføre en tekst. Å øve på leseflyt blir da en autentisk repetisjon av teksten, der kommunikasjonsaspektet knyttet til lesing kommer i fokus, heller enn å lese raskt.

Les også:

Kan oppdage risiko for lese- og skrivevansker Ved hjelp av noen sjekkpunkter kan lærere oppdage risiko for lese- og skrivevansker allerede når førsteklassingene begynner på skolen.

Rask bokstavprogresjon Mange er interesserte i mer kunnskap om rask bokstavprogresjon på første trinn.

Læring gjennom leik på 1. trinn Me kan utnytta rolleleiken i begynneropplæringa i mykje større grad enn mange gjer i dag. For leiken opnar opp for elevane sitt eige initiativ og trong til utforsking og eksperimentering. Men korleis kan skulen nytta denne leikekompetansen i lese- og skriveopplæringa? Førsteamanuensis Anne Håland viser korleis elevar på 1. trinn skriv, les og leiker i Sjukehusleiken.

Kilder:
Arnesen, A., Braeken, J., Baker, S., Meek-Hansen, W., Ogden, T., & Melby-Lervåg, M. (2016). Growth in Oral Reading Fluency in a Semitransparent Orthography: Concurrent and Predictive Relations With Reading Proficiency in Norwegian, Grades 2-5. Reading Research Quarterly, <xocs:firstpage xmlns:xocs=""/>. doi:10.1002/rrq.159

Panel, T. N. R. (2000). National Reading Panel Releases Report on Researchbased Approaches to Reading Instruction.   Retrieved from http://www.nationalreadingpanel.org/Publications/summary.htm

Pinto, G., Bigozzi, L., Tarchi, C., Accorti Gamannossi, B., & Canneti, L. (2015). Cross-lag analysis of longitudinal associations between primary school students’ writing and reading skills. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 28(8), 1233-1255. doi:10.1007/s11145-015-9569-9

Rasinski, T. (2014). Fluency Matters. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 7(1), 3-12.

Rasinski, T., Homan, S., & Biggs, M. (2009). Teaching Reading Fluency to Struggling Readers: Method, Materials, and Evidence. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 25(2-3), 192-204. doi:10.1080/10573560802683622

Rupley, W., Blair, T., & Nichols, W. (2009). Effective Reading Instruction for Struggling Readers: The Role of Direct/Explicit Teaching. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 25(2-3), 125-138. doi:10.1080/10573560802683523

Nasjonalt lesesenter

Nasjonalt lesesenter er landets ledende fagmiljø innen leseopplæring og leseforsking.

Professor Olav Hanssens vei 10, 4021 Stavanger Nasjonalt lesesenter, Universitetet i Stavanger, Postboks 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger +47 51 83 32 00 971564679
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Fra Addis Abeba til Ullandhaug: Morten Heide blir ny instituttleder ved NHS

Med en god dose internasjonal erfaring i bagasjen, fra en yrkeskarriere i både den akademiske og ikke-akademiske verden, er Morten Heide klar for å innta rollen som instituttleder ved Norsk hotellhøgskole fra august.

Kommende NHS-instituttleder Morten Heide på fjelltur i Gheralta. Foto: privat.

– Jeg trives veldig godt i skjæringsfeltet mellom ledelse og fag, og jeg ser frem til å jobbe i et miljø der det både forskes og undervises. Dessuten gleder jeg meg til å få kontakt med studenter og nye og gamle kollegaer, sier Heide.  

Den kommende instituttlederen tiltrer stillingen 1. august 2020 og har klare mål for hva han ønsker å legge vekt på i arbeidet ved NHS. 

– Jeg vil jobbe for at undervisningen skal oppleves som relevant, interessant og oppdatert. Dette er særdeles viktig for en institusjon som NHS og et område hvor det vil være nyttig med systematisk innsats. Videre vil jeg arbeide for å styrke den empiriske forskningen på instituttets kjerneområder, sier han.   

Utenriksdepartementet og FN på CV-en

Heide kom hjem fra stillingen som ambassaderåd for Utenriksdepartementet i Addis Abeba i 2019. 

– I Addis ledet jeg det bilaterale teamet på ambassaden som dekker hele bredden av samarbeidet med hovedvekt på kunnskapssamarbeid, utdanning, klima og næringsutvikling. Jeg fulgte også det omfattende institusjonssamarbeidet mellom norske og etiopiske universiteter, forteller han.  

Etter at Heide kom hjem, har han arbeidet i Utenriksdepartementet med jobbskaping, næringsutvikling og internasjonale problemstillinger. 

Fra tidligere har han erfaring fra akademiske stillinger, både i USA og Norge. Heide har også omfattende internasjonal arbeidserfaring som diplomat i Utenriksdepartementet og FN, og han har jobbet i ti ulike land på fire kontinenter. Blant annet har han bodd i Vest-Afrika, hvor han tjenestegjorde som økonom i FN. Han har også arbeidet som landøkonom i på ambassadene i Dar es Salaam og Kampala, og innimellom har han jobbet i kortere perioder i Senegal, Kenya, Filippinene og Vietnam. Siden 2008 har han hatt diplomatstillinger i Tanzania, Sør-Sudan og Etiopia. 

– Jeg har opplevd mye spennende, også under ekstremt krevende situasjoner, sier han. 

Heide tror hans bakgrunn fra forskning og undervisning kombinert med ledererfaring og administrativ kompetanse vil være nyttig i stillingen som instituttleder. Han håper også at hans internasjonale erfaring kan være en styrke når det gjelder å videreutvikle og styrke NHS’ internasjonale virksomhet.  

– Gjennom arbeid i ulike settinger i mange land på forskjellige kontinenter har jeg fått kunnskap om og forståelse for internasjonale problemstillinger. Hotell og reiseliv er en internasjonal næring som skal forholde seg til gjester, konkurrenter og andre aktører fra ulike land og kulturtradisjoner. Her tror jeg min internasjonale erfaring vil være viktig, ikke minst for å videreutvikle instituttets internasjonale samarbeidsrelasjoner, sier han.  

Godt kjent på UiS

Heide har vært tilknyttet UiS og miljøet på Ullandhaug ved flere anledninger tidligere, i ulike faglige stillinger innen forskning og undervisning. Fra 2004 til 2008 var han tilknyttet NHS - Institutt for økonomi og ledelsesfag. Fra 1994 til 1996 jobbet Heide som dosent, og fra 1990 til 1992 var han seniorforsker ved daværende Rogalandsforskning. 

– Jeg kjenner miljøet og vet at jeg får hyggelige kollegaer. Det blir kjekt å komme tilbake til akademia, og jeg gleder meg til få kontakt med studentene igjen, sier han.  

Heide har utdanning som siviløkonom, høyere avdelingsstudium og doktorgrad fra Norges Handelshøyskole. Forskningsarbeidet hans har vært rettet mot internasjonale tema og problemstillinger.   

– Min faglige vinkling i forskningen har hovedvekt på markedsføring, markedsanalyse og internasjonaliseringsstrategier. Videre har jeg publisert arbeider innen strategisk prissetting, ledelse og bedrifters samfunnsansvar. Jeg har også arbeidet mye med metode og forskningsmetodikk, forteller han.   

Reiseinteressert også på privaten

Det er ikke bare i jobbsammenheng Heide liker å reise. Fra han var helt ung har han hatt en forkjærlighet for å reise og oppleve nye kulturer.

– Mitt engasjement for reiseliv og turisme er derfor kanskje vel så mye basert på personlige opplevelser som akademisk interesse, sier han.  

Med to sønner på hver sin kant av kloden, eldstemann i San Fransisco og minstemann i Cape Town, har han og kona Nina Skarpsno Heide automatisk fått to nye reisedestinasjoner innbakt i ferieplanene, når COVID-19-pandemien ikke lenger setter begrensninger for det.  

– Vi får nok ikke besøkt sønnene våre på en stund, men gleder oss til å bli bedre kjent med Norge som ferieland.   

Når Heide ikke er på farten i det store utland, finner du ham gjerne joggende, padlende, seilende eller på tur i fjellet. 

– Min favoritt fjell- og kulturopplevelse hadde jeg i Gheralta, hvor Nina og jeg besøkte kirker som var lagt på toppen av fjell flere tusen meter over havet i det nordlige Etiopia, forteller han. 

En sterk interesse for reiseliv til tross: Treffer du Heide i gangene på UiS, kan du gjerne slå av en prat om andre ting også: 

– God mat og drikke er også noe jeg setter veldig høyt, gjerne kombinert med en svingende konsert, revy eller teater! 

Tekst: Live Kolstad Kvalsvik 

Først publisert 19.05.2020

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Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience lab

The Cognitive Lab provides the natural sciences and research on cognition and artificial intelligence with a meeting place for the health sciences, psychology and various disciplines that study social conditions, human behaviour and learning.

Nervesystem

Cognitive lab at UiS is an inter-faculty initiative that will be an arena for interdisciplinary collaboration in cognitive and behavioral research.

What is cognition?

Cognition is a term that usually incorporates mental processes such as comprehension, thoughts, reasoning, language, memory, perception, attention, and executive control functions. Cognitive neuroscience focuses specifically on the biological processes that constitute the basis for cognition. The cognitive sciences, in a broader sense, examine information processing systems in humans and animals and related to artificial intelligence. The information processed by a cognitive system may pertain to e.g. sensory perceptions, memories, thoughts or language and is often associated with knowledge, beliefs and feelings. Research can also examine interactions e.g. in the form of group dynamics or interplay between man and machine.

Signal and image processing are central

Modern cognitive research combines behavioural experiments or other experiments with the use of monitoring equipment that can measure brain structure and function (electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and fMRI), physiological expressions of emotions and stress (electrodermal activity (EDA), eye-tracking), heart (electrocardiography (ECG)) or muscle (electromyography (EMG)) electrical activity, sleep patterns and other bodily reactions. Signal and image processing are central in research. The combination of behavioural experiments and biological measurements can result in new knowledge and an enhanced understanding of cognition and behaviour; it may also have an applied value, for example in the field of behavioural interventions, improved learning environment and testing of new technologies.

The lab's facilities and equipment

Research in conjunction with the Cognitive Lab includes the use of the lab's measurement and computer equipment for conducting experiments in the lab's own premises, for providing lab equipment on loan to be used outside the lab, and use of collaborating partners’ equipment. The lab's facilities and equipment will also be available for use in student projects. Any research involving animals will be non-invasive, be conducted in a way that does not influence the animals´ welfare negatively, and will only involve animals raised under conditions of good animal welfare. The lab will not keep its own animals.

Research suitable for the Cognitive lab

  • Studies of cognitive function and failure; subjectively experienced health and welfare; objective studies of images of and signals from the brain
  • Applied rationality; studies of perception of reality, bias, decision-making, motivation
  • Comparative psychology
  • Design and implementation of welfare technology
  • Simulation studies using virtual reality
  • Studies of perception of nature
  • Studies of user experiences related to digital/analogue media, consumer behaviour etc.
  • Studies of performance skills
  • Organisational research/studies of working environment; professional interaction, emotional regulation, management
  • Studies of learning environment and learning processes
  • Studies of social interaction; trust, deception etc.

Contact persons

Morten Tønnessen, vice dean of research, Faculty of Social Sciences
Henriette Thune, vice dean of research, Faculty of Health Sciences
Helge Bøvik Larsen, vice dean of research, Faculty of Science and Technology
Trygve Eftestøl, professor, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 
Richard Piech, associate professor, Department of Social Studies
Kolbjørn Kallestein Brønnick, professor, Department of Public Health
Ulrich Dettweiler, professor, Faculty of Arts and Education

First published 26.08.2020

News from the Cognitive Lab:

iMotions software is great when you need to use multiple sensors together and they need to be synchronized. The function to include surveys and design the stimuli presentation is also quite easy to set up compared to similar software. 

Kjetil André Eknes
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Oppretter lab for kognisjons-, atferds- og nevroforskning

Kognitiv lab gir realfag og forskning på kognisjon og kunstig intelligens en naturlig møteplass med helsefag, psykologi og ulike fagområder som studerer samfunnsforhold, menneskelig atferd og læring.

Nervesystem

Kognitiv lab på UIS er et tverrfakultært initiativ som skal være en arena for tverrfaglig samarbeid innen kognisjons- og atferdsforskning. 

Hva er kognisjon?

Kognisjon er et fagbegrep som vanligvis inkorporerer mentale prosesser som forståelse, tanker, resonnementer, språk, hukommelse, persepsjon, oppmerksomhet og eksekutive kontrollfunksjoner. Kognitiv nevrovitenskap fokuserer spesifikt på de biologiske prosessene som utgjør grunnlaget for kognisjon. 

De kognitive vitenskapene bredere forstått undersøker informasjonsbehandlingssystemer i mennesker og dyr og knyttet til kunstig intelligens.

Informasjonen som et kognitivt system bearbeider kan dreie seg om f.eks. sanseinntrykk, minner, tanker eller språk, og er gjerne forbundet med kunnskap, oppfatninger og følelser.

Forskningen kan også ta for seg samspill i form av for eksempel gruppedynamikk eller interaksjon mellom menneske og maskin.

Signal- og bildebehandling er viktig i forskningen

Moderne kognitiv forskning kombinerer atferds- eller andre eksperimenter med bruk av måleutstyr som kan måle hjernens struktur og funksjon (elektroencephalografi (EEG), magnetresonanstomografi (MRI og fMRI), fysiologiske uttrykk for emosjoner og stress (Electrodermal activity (EDA), øyebevegelser (eye-tracking), hjertets (elektrokardiografi (EKG)) eller musklenes (elektromyografi (EMG)) elektriske aktivitet, søvnmønstre og andre kroppslige signaler.

Signal- og bildebehandling spiller en viktig rolle i forskningen. Kombinasjonen av atferdseksperimenter og biologiske målinger kan resultere i ny kunnskap og forbedret forståelse av kognisjon og atferd. Det kan også ha en anvendt verdi knyttet til for eksempel atferdsintervensjoner, forbedret læringsmiljø og utprøving av ny teknologi.

Tar hensyn til dyrevelferd

Forskning tilknyttet Kognitiv lab inkluderer bruk av labens måle- og datautstyr til gjennomføring av eksperimenter i labens egne lokaler, utlån av labens utstyr til bruk utenfor laben, og bruk av samarbeidspartneres utstyr. Labens lokaler og utstyr skal også kunne brukes til studentprosjekter.

Eventuell forskning som involverer dyr skal være non-invasiv. Forskningen skal utføres på en måte som ikke har negativ innvirkning på dyrenes velferd og kun involvere dyr som har god dyrevelferd i utgangspunktet. Laben skal ikke holde egne dyr.

Eksempler på forskning på Kognitiv lab

  • Studier av kognitiv funksjon og svikt; subjektivt opplevd helse og velferd; objektive studier av avbildninger av og signaler fra hjernen
  • Anvendt rasjonalitet; studier av virkelighetsoppfatning, forutinntatthet, beslutningsprosesser, motivasjon
  • Komparativ psykologi
  • Design og implementering av velferdsteknologi
  • Simuleringsstudier med bruk av virtuell virkelighet (Virtual Reality)
  • Studier av naturopplevelser
  • Studier av brukeropplevelser knyttet til digitale/analoge medier, forbrukeratferd o.l.
  • Studier av utøverferdigheter
  • Organisasjonsforskning/studier av arbeidsmiljø; profesjonelt samspill, emosjonsregulering, ledelse
  • Studier av læringsmiljø og læringsprosesser
  • Studier av sosialt samspill; tillit, bedrag, osv.

Kontaktpersoner for laben

Morten Tønnessen, instituttleder, Institutt for sosialfag, Det samfunnsvitenskapelige fakultet
Thor Ole Gulsrud, prodekan for forskning og innovasjon, Det helsevitenskapelige fakultet
Helge Bøvik Larsen, prodekan for forskning, Det teknisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet
Trygve Eftestøl, professor, Institutt for data- og elektroteknologi (IDE)
Richard Piech, førsteamanuensis, Institutt for sosialfag (IS)
Kolbjørn Kallestein Brønnick, professor, Avdeling for folkehelse
Ulrich Dettweiler, professor, Fakultet for utdanningsvitenskap og humaniora

Nyheter fra Kognitiv Lab:

iMotions software is great when you need to use multiple sensors together and they need to be synchronized. The function to include surveys and design the stimuli presentation is also quite easy to set up compared to similar software. 

Kjetil André Eknes
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Elevenes engasjement i skolen

Elevengasjement handler blant annet om elevenes interesse, entusiasme, deltakelse og involvering i skolen og i skolearbeidet. Læreren kan påvirke elevengasjement, og det er særlig viktig for gutter og elever i ungdomsskolen.

Det er spesielt viktig for gutter og ungdomsskoleelever at lærerne skaper engasjement i klasserommet. Foto: iStock.

Publisert første gang 13.02.2019

Det er mange forhold som påvirker elevengasjement. I denne studien undersøkte vi forholdet mellom klasseromsinteraksjoner og elevengasjement. Elever som opplever mer støtte fra lærer, rapporterer at de er mer engasjerte. Men det er urovekkende at engasjementet synker med alderen, og at gutter rapporterer om lavest engasjement. Dette krever at vi iverksetter systematiske tiltak.

Lærere gjør svært mange beslutninger i løpet av en skoledag, som for eksempel å tilrettelegge for et godt samspill mellom seg og elevene og mellom elevene. Lærere tilrettelegger også for at alle elever skal oppleve å være engasjerte i læringsprosessen, slik at den enkelte elev utvikler seg best mulig. Lærere må også bestrebe at elevene ikke gradvis blir mindre engasjerte og mer uinteresserte i skolearbeidet, siden det kan føre til at elevene til slutt uteblir fra skolen.

Alder og kjønn ga utslag

I denne studien undersøkte vi sammenhengen mellom elevenes opplevelse av klasseromsinteraksjoner og to typer engasjement; emosjonelt og atferdsmessig engasjement, som helt kort handler om det det de føler og det de gjør. 1769 elever i 5.-10. klasse deltok i en spørreundersøkelse. Elevene kom fra 100 klasser fordelt på 10 skoler, som gjorde at vi kunne undersøke betydning av klassen elevene går i. Emosjonelt engasjement ble målt som f.eks. «jeg liker å lære nye ting» og «når vi arbeider med noe i klassen blir jeg involvert», mens atferdsmessig engasjement ble målt som f.eks. «jeg er oppmerksom i timene» og «i timene arbeider jeg så godt jeg kan». Klasseromsituasjoner ble målt som elevenes opplevelse av lærerens emosjonell støtte, tilsyn og læringsstøtte.

Resultatene kan tyde på at elever som opplevde bedre interaksjoner med lærere også rapporterte at de var mer engasjerte, og sterkest relasjon var det mellom lærernes emosjonelle støtte og emosjonelt engasjement. Det kan tyde på at elever som opplever at lærere gir emosjonell støtte, og som går i en klasse med mer emosjonell støtte fra lærer, opplever å være mer emosjonelt engasjerte. Videre indikerte studiene at elever i barneskolen var mer emosjonelt engasjert enn ungdomsskoleelever, og jenter var mer atferdsmessig engasjert enn gutter.

Hva bør lærerne gjøre?

Så hva betyr dette for praksis? Det lærere gjør hver dag i klasserommet overfor den enkelte elev og for hele klassen som system, betyr noe for blant annet elevenes og klassens engasjement. Det er særlig viktig for guttene, som rapporterer om lavere engasjement enn det jentene gjør. I tillegg gjelder det spesielt for elever i ungdomsskolen, i en alder da elevene er mindre fornøyde med støtten fra lærerne, i tillegg til at mange unge sliter med egen mental helse og opplever mange krav og mye stress i livene sine.  

Siden lærerens emosjonelle støtte sterkest er assosiert til emosjonelt engasjement, er det viktig at lærere er sensitive, bryr seg om og er interesserte i den enkelte elev og gir følelsesmessig støtte. Mer konkret må skolen iverksette systematiske tiltak for å sikre at de blir fulgt opp i praksis, og at det ikke bare blir en happening som ikke varer over tid, og som heller ikke har et bestemt mål. Særlig viktig er det at vi iverksetter slike tiltak mot guttene og mot elever i ungdomsskolen.

I tillegg må lærere organisere og følge tilsyn i klasserommet for ro, orden og forutsigbarhet, og de må gi elevene tilstrekkelig læringsstøtte for at de skal bli utfordret tilstrekkelig faglig. Andre tiltak for at engasjementet skal opprettholdes gjennom hele skoleløpet, kan være å redusere konkurranse, sammenligning og krav, utvikle støttende forhold, ikke bare til lærere, men også til medelever og andre voksne på skolen som gir elevene opplevelse av tilhørighet og trygghet.

Tekst: Trude Havik

Les hele artikkelen her (åpen tilgang):

Trude Havik & Elsa Westergård (2019): Do Teachers Matter? Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Interactions and Student Engagement. I: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1577754

Professor
51832919
Læringsmiljøsenteret, avd. Stavanger
Faculty of Arts and Education
Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioral Research in Education

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Læringsmiljøsenteret

Nasjonalt senter for læringsmiljø og atferdsforskning arbeider for å gi barnehagebarn, elever, lærlinger og voksne et bedre læringsmiljø

Hulda Garborgs hus, Rektor N. Pedersens vei 39, 4021 Stavanger | Kjølnes Ring 30, 3918 Porsgrunn Nasjonalt senter for læringsmiljø og atferdsforskning: Postboks 8600 Forus 4036 Stavanger | Kjølnes Ring 30 3918 Porsgrunn +47 51 83 29 00 971564679
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Elever opplevde bedre læringsstøtte fra lærerne

En ny studie tyder på en liten gruppe elever (ca. 10 prosent) opplevde forbedring i lærernes læringsstøtte i perioden skolen deltok i Ungdomstrinn i Utvikling.

Målet var å undersøke om elever opplevde en endring i læringsstøtte over tid. Foto: iStock.

Publisert første gang 17.12.2018

Selv om gruppen er liten er det interessant at det som karakteriserer denne gruppen elever, er at de ved starten av intervensjonen rapporterte vesentlig lavere motivasjon og mer atferdsproblem enn gruppen som ikke rapporterte endring.

Målet var å undersøke om elever opplevde en endring i læringsstøtte over tid, og om det var en eller flere grupper av elever som endret seg dersom de deltok i en intervensjon, i dette tilfelle Ungdomstrinn i Utvikling.

Læringsstøtte, hva er det?

Læringsstøtte ble målt som elevenes opplevelse av at lærere har klare læringsmål, hvordan lærere hjelper elevene til å forstå begreper og fakta, at lærere stiller utfordrende spørsmål, gir tilbakemelding og oppmuntrer til diskusjoner som utvider elevenes kunnskap.

To elevgrupper

Analysene viste at elevene fordelte seg i to grupper: den «normative» og den «økende» gruppen.

(1) den "normative gruppen" (90,5 prosent) opplevde god læringsstøtte ved første tidspunkt, men utviklet seg negativt, og

(2) den "økende gruppen" (9,5 prosent) rapporterte lavere læringsstøtte i starten, men utviklet seg positivt gjennom tiltaket.

Det var ingen signifikante forskjeller i karakterer i matematikk for de to gruppene, men de varierte derimot betydelig når det gjaldt atferdsproblemer og motivasjon, med mest vansker i den minste gruppen.

Økt læringsstøtte

Resultatene viste at flertallet av elevene i 8. og 9. trinn (N=815) i denne studien rapporterte om en nedgang i læringsstøtte. Men det var noen (9,5 prosent) som rapporterte om en forbedring. Resultatene kan bety at elever som har høyere risiko (dvs. har mindre motivasjon for skole og mer atferdsproblemer) opplever økt læringsstøtte gjennom et relativt kort tiltak som hadde som mål å bedre lærer-elev relasjoner. Dette er et positivt funn siden en ikke kan forvente endring i løpet av så kort tid, spesielt med tanke på at elever opplever synkende lærerstøtte med økt alder.

Praktiske implikasjoner

Resultatene fra denne studien må ses som foreløpige eller utforskende. En begrensing er for eksempel at det ikke var inkludert en sammenligningsgruppe. Vi kan dermed ikke trekke konklusjoner om at utviklingen kom som et resultat av deltagelse av Ungdomstrinn i Utvikling, eller om det er en vanlig utvikling. Dette vil vi se nærmere på i kommende studier. Likevel gir studien grunnlag for refleksjoner rundt praktiske implikasjoner. Ungdomstrinn i Utvikling var en relativt kort intervensjon (1,5 år). Tidligere forsking indikerer at skoleomfattende endringer tar 3-5 år, kanskje noe kortere tid om man tar i bruk all kunnskap om implementering. Som et resultat rapporterer ikke nødvendigvis alle elever om opplevd endring så tidlig som etter 1,5 år. Analyser som tar hensyn til at elever utvikler seg ulikt, viser at det er en gruppe elever som utvikler seg positivt til tross for at de blir et år eldre. Tidligere studier indikerer at elever rapporterer om lavere læringsstøtte jo eldre de blir.

Elever som er i risiko for å mislykkes på skolen har spesielt behov for læringsstøtte av høy kvalitet. Det er derfor særlig gledelig at det nettopp er gruppen av elever med særlig behov for støtte som rapporterer at lærerne har økt kvaliteten av sin læringsstøtte. Selv om dette må undersøkes nærmere, illustrerer studien at det er særlig elever med risiko for å mislykkes i skolen har nytte av intervensjonen. Dokumentasjon av relasjonen mellom høy kvalitet i læringsstøtte og faglig og sosialt læringsutbytte er omfattende. Videre viste resultatene at relasjoner til medelever er viktige for elevers læringsprosess, særlig tidlig i ungdomsårene.

Referanse:

Havik, T. & Ertesvåg, S.K. (2018) "Trajectories of students’ perceived instructional support". Social Psychology of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9474-6

Tekst: Trude Havik

Professor
51832919
Læringsmiljøsenteret, avd. Stavanger
Faculty of Arts and Education
Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioral Research in Education

Les mer om klasseledelse

Teachers lack authority. Could coaching be a solution?

Despite political initiatives spanning four decades in the form of countless national, regional and local efforts to sup...

Publications from the INTERACT project

Articles from the project. Use the DOI-link to read abstract.

Accompanying the teacher ‘into’ the classroom

In the INTERACT research project, teachers receive guidance from their own specially trained coaches. “I am lucky to be ...

INTERACT – quality in classroom interactions

The goal of the INTERACT project is to investigate how digital video-based dialogue can support teachers in the work of ...

Classroom interaction for enhanced student learning CIESL

The CIESL-project aims at gaining knowledge on teachers' implementation of classroom interaction when participating in a...

What is classroom management?

To understand classroom leadership is to have more room for actions.

Læringsmiljøsenteret

Nasjonalt senter for læringsmiljø og atferdsforskning arbeider for å gi barnehagebarn, elever, lærlinger og voksne et bedre læringsmiljø

Hulda Garborgs hus, Rektor N. Pedersens vei 39, 4021 Stavanger | Kjølnes Ring 30, 3918 Porsgrunn Nasjonalt senter for læringsmiljø og atferdsforskning: Postboks 8600 Forus 4036 Stavanger | Kjølnes Ring 30 3918 Porsgrunn +47 51 83 29 00 971564679
Hero Logo
Læringsmiljøsenteret logo
Footer Background Image
Illustrasjon av elever i ulike aldre og i ulike settinger.
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Masteravslutning: - Samfunnsforskere trengs mer enn noensinne

Til tross for koronapandemiens begrensninger, ønsket Det samfunnsvitenskapelige fakultet å arrangere en fysisk avslutningsseremoni for sine masterstudenter, til stor glede for studentene.

Avgangsstudentene fra NHS kaster de svarte hattene sine i luften.
Etter avslutningsseremonien kastet avgangsstudentene fra Norsk hotellhøgskole de svarte hattene i luften.

Mandag ble det avholdt en høytidelig avslutningsseremoni for masterstudentene ved Det samfunnsvitenskapelige fakultet. Mer enn 40 av de rundt 125 avgangsstudentene ved fakultetet møtte opp og mottok litografi, heder og ære. Venner og familie kunne følge seremonien via en live-stream på fakultetets Facebook-side.

Portrettbilde av Debora Dreyer-Olsen.
Debora Dreyer-Olsen er fornøyd med lærdommen hun sitter igjen med.

En av avgangsstudentene som satte pris på arrangementet, var Debora Dreyer-Olsen. I vår fullførte hun mastergraden sin i International hospitality management (studiet er nå døpt om til «Service leadership in international business»), og er fornøyd med all lærdommen hun sitter igjen med.

- Studiet har gjort meg til en mer kritisk tenker, bedre til å filtrere informasjon og mer miljøbevisst, sier Dreyer-Olsen.

Opprinnelig fra Indonesia, men gift med en norsk mann, håper hun nå å etter hvert få seg en jobb i hotell- og reiselivsbransjen her i Norge.

- Norge har mange hyggelige mennesker og en flott natur.

Pioner-landet Norge

Fra scenen takket også årets studenttaler, vietnamesiske Minh-Nhat "Viktor" Pham ved masterprogrammet «Energi, miljø og samfunn», for at det ble arrangert et fysisk arrangement, og ikke bare digitalt.

- Mange har spurt meg: «hvorfor Norge?» Jeg valgte dette landet og studiet fordi Norge er en av pionerene innen bærekraftig energi, menneskerettigheter og natur- og miljøvern. Studiet har gitt meg tverrfaglig kunnskap som åpner for mange forskjellige karrieremuligheter, sa han fra scenen.

Minh-Nhat "Viktor" Pham står på scenen og holder tale.
Årets studenttaler, Minh-Nhat "Viktor" Pham, er sikker på at studiet han valgt har åpnet for mange karrieremuligheter.

De viktige samfunnsviterne

Dekan Turid Borgen påpekte i sin tale til avgangskullet at samfunnskunnskap og samfunnsforskere trengs mer enn noensinne.

- Klimaendringer, økonomisk og politisk kaos, ulikhet, digitale endringer i alle sektorer og voksende trusler mot demokratiet er alle forskjellige utfordringer som trenger arbeidet til samfunnsforskere – deres arbeid, sa Borgen til studentene.

- Vær et godt medmenneske

UiS-alumn i Hotelledelse og nåværende generalsekretær i Den Norske Turistforening, Dag Terje Klarp Solvang, var seremoniens hovedtaler.

Dag Terje Klarp Solvang står på scenen og holder tale.
Hovedtaler Dag Terje Klarp Solvang, generalsekretær i Den Norske Turistforening, har store håp for avgangsstudentene.

- I dette rommet kan det nå sitte en nobelprisvinner, en statsminister, og det er helt sikkert folk her som vil sørge for at forskjellene i samfunnet blir redusert, og at vi vil bli bedre på å ta vare på de aller svakeste i samfunnet, sa Solvang.

I forrige uke gikk han «flyktningeruta» mellom Oslo og Sverige sammen med kronprins Haakon. I løpet av turen møtte de flere mennesker med ulike historier og opplevelser fra krig og flukt. Fra talerstolen formidlet Solvang hva disse menneskene mente måtte til for å bygge gode samfunn:

- Vær gode mennesker. Vær den beste versjonen av deg selv. Gjør det rette – vær et godt medmenneske.

Tekst og foto: Ingrid Meling Ramberg

Først publisert 03.09.2020

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